Fig. 4: Disc1 knockout mice exhibit altered circadian behaviors.

a–c Overall circadian behaviors during L/D cycle (n = 10, biological replicates). Mice were fully entrained to the light/dark (L/D; 12-h/12-h) cycle for at least two weeks. For the next 10 days with the same lighting schedule, light/dark profiles were generated as described in “Methods”. Then, mice were released to a dark/dark (D/D; constant dark) cycle for another 10 days to determine the internal circadian period. a WRA, wheel-running activity; b BT, body temperature; c HCA, home cage activity. Compared to wild type mice, Disc1 knockout mice (Disc1-LI) showed reduced values during the nighttime. Total measured values per one day were depicted as bar graphs for wheel-running and home cage activities. For body temperature, averaged values were used. d, e Free-running periods were measured for wild type (n = 16, biological replicates) and Disc1 knockout (n = 10, biological replicates) mice under the D/D cycle. Disc1 knockout mice showed a shorter Free-running period than wild type mice. f mRNA levels of circadian genes at circadian time of 4 h (CT04) and 16 h (CT16) (n = 4 for 4 h, n = 5 for 16 h, biological replicates). Hippocampus was dissected from wild type or Disc1 knockout mice. Data are means with SEM. *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ****p ≤ 0.0001, unpaired t-test for (a), (b), (e) and (f); unpaired t-test with Welch’s correction for (c).