Fig. 4: Modafinil ameliorates ovariectomy-induced reductions of newborn neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus.

a Experimental design for neurogenesis staining. b Representative images of EdU/DCX immunostaining in the dentate gyrus in mice of each group. Scale bar: 50 μm. c Higher-magnification images of the area marked by the frame in (b). Scale bar: 20 μm. d Quantification of EdU+ cells generated during the eight-day modafinil (MOD) treatment [F(2,6) = 14.2, p = 0.0053]. n = 3 per group. **p < 0.01 compared with the Sham+Vehicle (Veh) group; #p < 0.05 compared with ovariectomy (OVX)+Veh group. EdU 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine, DCX doublecortin.