Fig. 2: Overdose concentration of LiCl-induced epileptiform activity is comparable to GABAA receptor antagonist-induced epileptiform activity in human cortical networks.
A Schematic representation of the applied protocol to evaluate the chemically induced epileptiform activities with LiCl and picrotoxin (PTX) in the hiPSC-derived 3D-neural aggregate cultures with synchronous network activity (day 20–50 after seeding). B Representative MEA-recordings (three individual channels are shown) showing the properties of network activity at baseline and after the application of (B, i) 10 mM LiCl or (B, ii) 50 µM PTX. C Representative MEA-recordings (five-minute, one channel) showing the epileptiform activity induced by C, i 10 mM LiCl or C, ii 50 µM PTX. The blue lines are marking the different stages of epileptiform activities: the population super-bursts (PSB) are proceeded by prominent spiking and are followed by a period of complete inactivity or silence. C Spike raster plots and population firing rate diagrams showing the epileptiform events induced by C, iii LiCl and C, iv PTX. D, i Diagrams illustrating the neuronal network parameters in response to 10 mM LiCl and PTX. D, ii Diagrams showing no change in network properties in the corresponding control experiments with equimolar NaCl and DMSO. n = 6, N = 2. The data is presented as mean ± standard deviation. A two-tailed, paired or unpaired t test was applied to calculate the shown p values.
