Table 3 Associations between maternal psychosocial risk factors and gestational epigenetic age deviation at birth.

From: Maternal psychosocial risk factors and child gestational epigenetic age in a South African birth cohort study

 

Unadjusted

β estimate [95% CI]

P-value

Adjusted

β estimate [95% CI]

P-value

Study site: Mbekweni

0.83 [−0.53; 2.18]

0.231

0.83 [−1.04; 2.70]

0.382

Estimated household income: < ZAR 1000/month

1.35 [−0.01; 2.71]

0.052b

1.87 [0.40; 3.34]

0.013a

Maternal BMIc at enrolment

0.10 [−0.01; 0.21]

0.068b

0.07 [−0.04; 0.19]

0.217

Mother HIV-infected

−1.35 [−2.93; 0.23]

0.094b

−1.87 [−3.74; −0.01]

0.049a

Maternal anaemia

1.60 [−0.26; 3.47]

0.091b

1.70 [−0.24; 3.64]

0.085b

Mode of delivery: Caesarean section

1.87 [0.23; 3.51]

0.026a

1.63 [−0.20; 3.47]

0.081b

Sex of child: Male

−0.59 [−1.94; 0.77]

0.396

−1.17 [−2.62; 0.28]

0.113

Child head circumference at birth

0.62 [0.25; 0.98]

0.001a

0.20 [−0.34; 0.74]

0.469

Child weight at birth

1.97 [0.73; 3.20]

0.002a

1.62 [−0.13; 3.37]

0.069b

Alcohol exposure during pregnancy

−0.13 [−1.91; 1.65]

0.885

0.13 [−1.92; 2.17]

0.904

Tobacco use during pregnancy

−0.76 [−2.23; 0.72]

0.313

−0.20 [−2.19; 1.79]

0.843

Psychological distress

−1.57 [−3.04; −0.09]

0.038a

−0.76 [−2.40; 0.88]

0.363

Current PTSD

−1.24 [−2.69; 0.22]

0.096b

−1.95 [−3.57; −0.33]

0.018a

  1. ap < 0.05.
  2. bp < 0.1.
  3. cBMI (Body Mass Index): kg/m2.