Table 3 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of rape-exposed participants with and without posttraumatic stress disorder at 3-months post-rape in the discovery/validation and replication samples.

From: Genome-wide differentially methylated genes associated with posttraumatic stress disorder and longitudinal change in methylation in rape survivors

 

Discovery/validation sample (n = 47)

Replication sample (n = 49)

 

With PTSD at 3-monthsa (n = 24)

Without PTSD at 3-monthsa (n = 23)

Group difference

With PTSD at 3-monthsa (n = 15)

Without PTSD at 3-monthsa (n = 34)

Group difference

 

n (%)

M (SD)

n (%)

M (SD)

χ2

z

p

n (%)

M (SD)

n (%)

M (SD)

χ2

z

p

Ageb

24 (100)

25.1 (5.3)

23 (100)

26.7 (5.5)

 

−1.0

0.296

15 (100)

24.7 (4.7)

34 (100)

24.5 (5.9)

 

−0.5

0.616

Secondary education completedc

16 (66.7)

 

16 (69.6)

 

0.1

 

0.831

10 (66.7)

 

15 (44.1)

 

2.1

 

0.146

Employedc

4 (16.7)

 

9 (39.1)

 

3.0

 

0.085

1 (6.7)

 

8 (23.5)

 

2.0

 

0.160

In a relationship/marriedc

19 (79.2)

 

19 (82.6)

 

0.1

 

0.764

11 (77.3)

 

27 (79.4)

 

0.2

 

0.638

BMIb

24 (100)

24.8 (5.4)

23 (100)

27.2 (7.4)

 

−1.1

0.268

15 (100)

25.3 (4.8)

34 (100)

26.0 (6.1)

 

−0.3

0.745

Smokerc

3 (12.5)

 

2 (8.6)

 

0.2

 

0.672

2 (13.3)

 

5 (14.7)

 

0.0

 

0.899

HIV positivec

14 (58.3)

 

13 (56.5)

 

0.0

 

0.900

7 (46.7)

 

12 (35.3)

 

0.6

 

0.451

On ARVsc

6 (25.0)

 

6 (26.1)

 

0.0

 

0.932

4 (26.7)

 

10 (29.4)

 

0.0

 

0.845

On medications for STIc

1 (4.2)

 

1 (4.3)

 

0.0

 

0.975

0 (0.0)

 

2 (5.9)

 

0.9

 

0.338

Other medication usec,d

0 (0.0)

 

1 (4.3)

 

1.1

 

0.302

0 (0.0)

 

2 (5.9)

 

0.9

 

0.338

Childhood trauma scoreb

24 (100)

18.2 (4.6)

23 (100)

16.2 (3.3)

 

−1.7

0.098

15 (100)

15.7 (2.5)

34 (100)

16.4 (2.6)

 

−1.0

0.299

Neglectc

13 (54.2)

 

10 (43.5)

 

0.5

 

0.464

5 (33.3)

 

13 (38.2)

 

0.1

 

0.743

Domestic violencec

7 (29.2)

 

3 (13.0)

 

1.8

 

0.177

3 (20.0)

 

5 (14.7)

 

0.2

 

0.644

Emotional abusec

9 (37.5)

 

3 (13.0)

 

3.7

 

0.055

3 (20.0)

 

8 (23.5)

 

0.1

 

0.785

Physical abusec

10 (41.7)

 

8 (34.8)

 

0.2

 

0.627

5 (33.3)

 

14 (41.2)

 

0.3

 

0.604

Sexual abusec

7 (29.2)

 

3 (13.0)

 

1.8

 

0.177

2 (13.3)

 

9 (26.5)

 

1.0

 

0.310

Number of childhood traumasb

24 (100)

1.9 (1.7)

23 (100)

1.2 (1.3)

 

−1.6

0.120

15 (100)

1.2 (1.7)

34 (100)

1.4 (1.5)

 

−0.8

0.430

Number of lifetime traumasb,e

24 (100)

2.0 (1.6)

23 (100)

1.2 (1.2)

 

−1.9

0.063

15 (100)

0.5 (0.7)

34 (100)

1.4 (1.3)

 

−2.5

0.014

Imprisonmentc

2 (8.3)

 

0 (0.0)

 

2.0

 

0.157

0 (0.0)

 

1 (2.9)

 

0.5

 

0.502

Civil unrest or warc

2 (8.3)

 

1 (4.3)

 

0.3

 

0.576

0 (0.0)

 

1 (2.9)

 

0.5

 

0.502

Serious injuryc

6 (25.0)

 

2 (8.6)

 

2.2

 

0.137

1 (6.7)

 

2 (5.9)

 

0.0

 

0.916

Being close to deathc

7 (29.2)

 

6 (26.1)

 

0.1

 

0.813

3 (20.0)

 

11 (32.4)

 

0.8

 

0.378

Murder of family/friendc

5 (20.8)

 

7 (30.4)

 

0.6

 

0.450

0 (0.0)

 

4 (11.8)

 

1.9

 

0.166

Unnatural death of family/friendc

5 (20.8)

 

4 (17.4)

 

0.1

 

0.764

0 (0.0)

 

5 (14.7)

 

2.5

 

0.117

Murder of strangerc

7 (29.2)

 

3 (13.0)

  

1.8

0.177

0 (0.0)

 

5 (14.7)

 

2.5

 

0.117

Robbed with a gun/knife usedc

12 (50.0)

 

5 (21.7)

  

4.1

0.044

3 (20.0)

 

15 (44.1)

 

2.6

 

0.107

Kidnapedc

3 (12.5)

 

0 (0.0)

  

3.1

0.080

1 (6.7)

 

3 (8.8)

 

0.1

 

0.799

PTSD symptom scoreb

24 (100)

75.7 (17.9)

23 (100)

58.1 (22.0)

 

−2.9

0.004

15 (100)

63.4 (20.4)

34 (100)

66.7 (18.0)

−0.1

 

0.914

Alcohol use severity scoreb

24 (100)

1.7 (2.4)

23 (100)

1.2 (1.9)

 

−0.9

0.394

15 (100)

1.6 (2.6)

34 (100)

2.1 (2.5)

 

−1.0

0.299

Hazardous alcohol usec

7 (29.2)

 

5 (21.7)

  

0.3

0.559

4 (26.7)

 

11 (32.4)

 

0.2

 

0.691

Depression symptom scoreb

24 (100)

35.1 (12.9)

23 (100)

29.5 (14.7)

 

−1.4

0.173

15 (100)

28.4 (13.5)

34 (100)

33.1 (11.4)

 

−1.4

0.149

Depression statusc

22 (91.7)

 

19 (82.6)

  

0.9

0.352

13 (86.7)

 

32 (94.1)

 

0.8

 

0.380

  1. PTSD Posttraumatic stress disorder, M mean, SD standard deviation, BMI body mass index, ARV antiretrovirals, STI sexually transmitted infection.
  2. aThe 3-month post-rape time point was used in the analysis since it is the first time point in the parent study at which a PTSD diagnosis can be made. PTSD status at 3-months post-rape was used as the outcome to address the first three aims of the study. PTSD symptom score rather than PTSD status was used as the outcome in the longitudinal analysis to address aim four and aim five of the study. One participant included in the discovery sample (n = 48) was not included in the validation sample (n = 47).
  3. bContinous variables.
  4. cCategorical variables.
  5. dMedication prescribed for chronic sinusitis (n = 1) and hypertension (n = 2).
  6. eLifetme traumas refer to directly experiencing the trauma.
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