Table 1 Main demographic, clinical, imaging, and biological data at baseline for the patient and control groups (mean (SD)).

From: Distinct amyloid and tau PET signatures are associated with diverging clinical and imaging trajectories in patients with amnestic syndrome of the hippocampal type

  

Whole ASHT group n = 36

SNAP n = 15

AD n = 21

Controls n = 30

Demographic data

Age (years)

72.9 (6.8)

77.5* (5.5)

69.5 (5.6)

68.8 (5.6)

 

Sex (F/M)

16/20

6/9

10/11

20/10

 

Education (years)

14.3 (4.2)

13.6 (4.7)

14.7 (3.9)

12.7 (4.1)

 

Disease duration (years)

4.8 (3.4)

4.2 (2.7)

5 .2 (3.8)

–

Functional status

CDR

0

0

0

0

30

  

0.5

26

9

17

0

  

1

10

6

4

0

Neuropsychological assessment

    

Global cognitive efficiency

MMSE

24.5 (2.8)

24.1 (2.6)

24.8 (2.9)

29.2 (0.9)*

Short term/working memory

Digit spans

9.7 (1.8)

9.9 (2.2)

9.5 (1.6)

10 (1.3)

Episodic memory

verbal

FCSRT (Free + total recall)

33.3 (17)

36 (16.2)

31.4 (17.7)

80.2 (4.5)*

  

Free recall (/48)

9.1 (6.3)

9 (5.6)

9.2 (6.8)

32.7 (4)*

  

Total recall (/48)

24.2 (11.4)

27 (11.2)

22.1 (11.4)

47.4 (0.9)*

  

Sensitivity index (%)

41.1 (21.7)

48.4 (22.2)

35.9 (20.2)

96.7 (5.1)*

 

visual

Rey memory (/36)

7.25 (5.1)

7.3 (5.4)

7.2 (5.1)

18.7 (5.5)*

Instrumental functions

Naming (/80)

77.7 (2.8)

78.5 (1.6)

77.1 (3.4)#

79.8 (0.5)

 

Rey copy (/36)

34.4 (2.2)

34.7 (2.6)

34.1 (1.9)

35 (1.7)

 

Praxis (/72)

69.1 (2.9)

69.6 (1.8)

68.7 (3.4)

71 (1.3)

Executive functions

TMT A (seconds)

53.7 (16.6)

54.5 (17.1)

53.1 (16.6)

39.8 (14.1)

 

TMT B-A (seconds)

104.9 (63.3)

106.5 (60.6)

103.7 (66.6)

37.9 (23.6)*

 

Letter Fluency (2 min)

18.2 (5.8)

16.1 (5.1)#

19.7 (5.9)

24.6 (7.1)

 

Category Fluency (2 min)

20.4 (6.4)

20.9 (7.8)

20 (5.4)

35.5 (9.6)*

 

Similarities (WAIS)

19.6 (4.4)

20.7 (3.9)

18.9 (4.7)#

22.3 (3.4)

Social cognition

Emotion recognition (/35)

28.5 (3.4)

27.8 (3.3)

29 (3.5)

29.6 (2.3)

 

Negative emotions (fear, sadness, anger, disgust) (/20)

14.8 (2.8)

14.3 (2.9)

15.1 (2.7)

15.6 (2)

 

Faux pas test (/40)

30.4 (5.2)

30.9 (4.7)

30 (5.7)

35.1 (2.9)*

Behavioral changes

CBI-R (/180)

38 (19.4)

42.1 (19.9)

35.4 (19.1)

–

Genetic status

ApoE genotype (n with at least one E4 allele)

18

2

16

2

 

Progranulin plasma level (μg/l)

108.5 (26)

114.6 (20.2)

104.1 (29.1)

127.3 (25.5)

 

c9orf72 mutation

None

None

None

–

Molecular PET imaging

PiB PET GCI

2.28 (0.9)

1.35 (0.2)

2.93 (0.6)*

1.25 (0.1)

 

n with GCI > 1.45

24

3

21

0

 

Tau PET GCI

1.54 (0.65)

1.15 (0.1)

1.81 (0.7)

1.23 (0.11)

MRI

Fazekas score (0/1/2/3)

20/12/3/1

7/5/2/1

13/7/1/0

20/8/2/0

 

Left HV

1.78 (0.3)

1.64 (0.27)

1.88 (0.29)

2.48 (0.2)*

 

Right HV

1.85 (0.34)

1.68 (0.3)

1.97 (0.32)

2.51 (0.23)*

 

Left EC

0.92 (0.32)

0.82 (0.26)

0.99 (0.34)

1.36 (0.23)*

 

Right EC

0.93 (0.27)

0.91 (0.3)

0.94 (0.26)#

1.25 (0.23)

 

Left Amygdala

0.66 (0.14)

0.64 (0.15)

0.67 (0.13)

0.93 (0.13)*

 

Right Amygdala

0.8 (0.16)

0.79 (0.18)

0.82 (0.14)

1.13 (0.15)*

 

Left Insula

3.88 (0.42)

3.76 (0.45)

3.97 (0.38)

4.4 (0.47)*

 

Right Insula

3.84 (0.5)

3.74 (0.64)

3.92 (0.36)

4.3 (0.46)*

  1. ASHT amnestic syndrome of the hippocampal type, CDR Clinical Dementia Rating scale, MMSE Mini-mental state examination, FCSRT Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test, TMT Trail Making Test, WAIS Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, CBI-R revised version of the Cambridge Behavioural Inventory, ApoE Apolipoprotein E, PiB-GCI Pittsburgh compound B global cortical index, HV hippocampal volume, EC entorhinal cortex. All volumes are normalized to the intracranial volume.
  2. *p < 0.05 vs the other groups #p < 0.05 vs controls.
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