Table 1 Demographic and psychopathological data of study participants.

Subjects (n)

108

100

44

—

Sex (%female)

40.7%

58%

34.1%

SCZ vs BD: χ-squared = 5.517; p-value = 0.0188

SCZ vs HC: χ-squared= 0.336; p-value=0.562

BD vs HC: χ-squared = 6.064; p-value = 0.014

Inpatient status (%inpatient)

36.1%

40%

—

χ-squared=2.564; p-value=0.463

Age (years, mean ± SD)

44.6 ± 13.9

46.2 ± 13.6

32.0 ± 9.9

SCZ vs BD: F-value=0.728; p-value=0.395

SCZ vs HC: F-value = 29.8; p-value = 1.94 × 10⁻⁷

BD vs HC: F-value = 39.06; p-value = 4.52 × 10⁻⁹

Duration of illness (years, mean ± SD)

14.9 ± 11.9

13.5 ± 12.2

—

SCZ vs BD: F-value=0.686; p-value=0.408

PANSS_Positive (mean ± SD)

12.8 ± 5.1

9.4 ± 2.9

—

SCZ vs BD: F-value = 30.58; p-value = 8.89 × 10⁻⁰⁸

PANSS_Negative (mean ± SD)

13.9 ± 6.1

10.5 ± 3.9

—

SCZ vs BD: F-value = 20.51; p-value = 1.03 × 10⁻⁰⁵

PANSS_General (mean ± SD)

26.6 ± 8.4

23.6 ± 6.5

—

SCZ vs BD: F-value = 7.857; p-value = 0.00557

YMRS (mean ± SD)

2.4 ± 4.3

4.2 ± 5.9

—

SCZ vs BD: F-value = 5.971; p-value = 0.0154

BDI-II (mean ± SD)

11.4 ± 10.7

12.6 ± 12.2

—

SCZ vs BD: F-value=0.469; p-value=0.494

IDS-C₃₀ (mean ± SD)

14.4 ± 9.7

14.1 ± 11.2

—

SCZ vs BD: F-value=0.032; p-value=0.859