Table 1 Summary of studies used in meta-analysis.

From: Connectomic neuromodulation for Alzheimer’s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of invasive and non-invasive techniques

Author Year

N Stim/No stim

Dx

Stimulation

Connec.

Outcome

F/U (m)

CEBM

Ref

Type

Target

Measure

Net effect

Kuhn et al. (2015)

6/6

AD

DBS

Bilateral NBM

FDG-PET, EEG

ADAS-Cog

stable

12

II

[36]

Laxton et al. (2010)

6/6

AD

DBS

Bilateral Fornix

FDG-PET, sLORETA

ADAS-Cog

stable

12

II

[35]

Li et al. (2021)

37/38

AD

rTMS

Left DLPFC

None

ADAS-Cog

stable

3

I

[40]

Lozano et al. (2016)

21/21

AD

DBS

Bilateral Fornix

FDG-PET

Change in ADAS-Cog-13

stable

12

I

[22]

Naro et al. (2016)

32/35

AD

tACS

Left M1, PMA, SMA, DLPFC, DMPFC

EEG

MMSE

stable

24

II

[38]

Scharre et al. (2018)

3/96

AD

DBS

Bilateral VC/VS

FDG-PET

CDR-SB

stable

12

II

[37]

  1. AD Alzheimer’s disease, ADAS-Cog Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale, CDR-SB Clinical Dementia Rating Scale-Sum of Boxes, CEBM Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine: Levels of Evidence scale; Connec. connectomics, DBS deep brain stimulation, DLPFC dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, DMPFC dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, Dx diagnosis, EEG electroencephalography, FDG-PET fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography, F/U follow-up (in months), M1 primary motor cortex, MMSE Mini-Mental State Exam, NBM nucleus basalis of Meynert, PMA premotor area, Ref reference, Stim stimulation, rTMS repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, sLORETA standardized low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography, SMA supplementary motor area, tACS transcranial alternating current treatment, VC/VS ventral capsule/ventral striatum.
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