Fig. 1: PRISMA 2020 flow diagram.

After studies were identified from a database and citation search, duplicate records were removed. Full text records were screened and studies were excluded (837 studies) that summarized the literature and did not report new findings, we not within the age range, did not use task based fMRI to measure emotion processing, did not investigate conduct problems, or were case studies. Additional screening excluded studies that did not report whole brain results (2 studies), reported duplicate findings from an already included study (1 study), did not have a healthy or conduct problems comparison group (9 studies).