Fig. 3: The comparison of genetic loci between the multivariate and univariate GWAS, and functional annotation.

A The left column indicates the 32 genetic loci identified by the multivariate GWAS, whereas the right column indicates the 14 loci identified by the univariate GWAS. The heatmap shows, from left to right, accessory basal nucleus, anterior amygdaloid area-AAA, basal nucleus, central nucleus, cortical nucleus, corticoamygdaloid transition, lateral nucleus, medial nucleus, paralaminar nucleus and whole amygdala volumes. Significant loci in the univariate GWAS (P < 5 × 10⁻⁰⁹) are marked with an asterisk *. 13 of the 14 loci identified in the univariate GWAS were replicated in the multivariate GWAS, except the 13q34 locus specific for the whole amygdala volume. B Functional annotation of the genomic loci and identified SNPs. Left panel, overview of the genomic loci sizes and number of variants. Right panel, distribution of functional consequences of SNPs in significant genomic loci. C Gene mapping consequences of the significant SNPs. Left panel, venn diagram showing the number of genes mapped by the four different strategies, i.e., positional (green), eQTL (blue), chromatin interaction mapping (yellow), and identification by the GWGAS (red). A total of 271 genes were identified by four approaches. Right panel, 24 genes were identified by all of the four mapping strategies, showing by the wordcloud plot. GWAS genome-wide association study, SNP single nucleotide polymorphism, eQTL expression quantitative trait loci.