Table 1 Summary of neuroimaging, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of (neuro)inflammation included in the study.

From: Biomarkers of central and peripheral inflammation mediate the association between HIV and depressive symptoms

  

Marker of

FWM

N

Putamen

N

Neurometabolites

Myo-inositol

Glial cell activation

x

161

x

63

Choline

Glial cell activation

x

184

x

128

  

Marker of

Plasma

N

CSF

N

Soluble biomarkers measured

in all participants, where possible

CRP

Acute phase response

x

204

–

–

I-FABP

Intestinal barrier integrity

x

202

–

–

Kyn:Trp Index

IDO-1 activity

x

203

x

202

Neopterin

Inflammation

x

203

x

202

NFL

Neuronal injury

x

202

x

203

sCD14

Monocyte activation

x

201

x

202

sCD16

Monocyte activation

x

202

–

–

sCD163

Monocyte activation

x

204

x

203

  

Marker of

Plasma

N

CSF

N

Soluble biomarkers measured

in a subset of participants

IL-6

Inflammation

x

78

x

78

IP-10/CXCL10

Chemotaxis

x

78

x

78

MCP-1/CCL2

Chemotaxis

x

78

x

78

MIG/CXCL9

Chemotaxis

x

78

x

78

MIP1α/CCL3

Chemotaxis

x

78

x

78

RANTES/CCL5

Chemotaxis

x

78

x

78

TNF-α

Inflammation

x

78

x

78

  1. FWM frontal white matter.
  2. Some soluble biomarkers were measured in all participants, where possible. An expanded set of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines was measured only in a subset of n = 78 participants. The number of participants for whom data were available for each biomarker is indicated. ‘x’ indicates that a biomarker was measured in the respective brain region or biofluid, whereas ‘–’ indicates that it was not.
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