Table 3 Odds ratios (OR, with 95% confidence interval [CI]) for the association between HIV status and Any Depressive Symptoms, before and after adjustment for each biomarker fitted separately.

From: Biomarkers of central and peripheral inflammation mediate the association between HIV and depressive symptoms

Biomarker

N

N

Any Depressive Symptoms

OR (95% CI) for Any Depressive Symptoms, adjusted

for HIV status and sociodemographic factors

Before adjusting for biomarker

Adjusted for biomarker

Neurometabolitesa

Myo-inositol

Frontal White Matter

161

29

2.96 (1.12, 9.13)

3.23 (1.19, 10.15)

Putamen

63

20

5.19 (1.32, 27.63)

5.55 (1.35, 30.35)

Choline

Frontal White Matter

184

36

2.75 (1.17, 7.20)

2.91 (1.21, 7.74)

Putamen

128

29

7.46 (2.26, 35.53)

8.54 (2.50, 41.47)

Soluble biomarkers measured

in all participants, where possible

Plasma

CRP

204

42

3.27 (1.46, 8.09)

3.05 (1.34, 7.61)

I-FABP

202

41

3.81 (1.65, 9.91)

3.98 (1.62, 10.86)

Kyn:Trp

203

41

3.76 (1.63, 9.78)

3.63 (1.54, 9.59)

Neopterin

203

41

3.76 (1.63, 9.78)

3.50 (1.44, 9.45)

NFL

202

41

3.16 (1.41, 7.80)

2.94 (1.29, 7.31)

sCD14

201

40

3.01 (1.34, 7.49)

3.22 (1.39, 8.20)

sCD16

202

42

3.36 (1.50, 8.30)

3.27 (1.44, 8.18)

sCD163

204

42

3.27 (1.46, 8.09)

3.62 (1.59, 9.11)

CSF

Kyn:Trp

202

41

3.07 (1.37, 7.57)

3.04 (1.34, 7.62)

Neopterin

202

41

3.07 (1.37, 7.57)

2.84 (1.25, 7.11)

NFL

203

41

3.13 (1.40, 7.80)

3.15 (1.40, 7.82)

sCD14

202

41

3.08 (1.38, 7.62)

3.14 (1.39, 7.78)

sCD163

203

41

3.13 (1.40, 7.72)

3.28 (1.46, 8.13)

Soluble biomarkers measured

in a subset of 78 participants

Plasma

IL-6

78

13

1.67 (0.46, 6.58)

1.51 (0.40, 6.01)

IP-10/CXCL10

78

13

1.67 (0.46, 6.58)

1.68 (0.45, 6.69)

MCP-1/CCL2

78

13

1.67 (0.46, 6.58)

1.67 (0.46, 6.59)

MIG/CXCL9

78

13

1.67 (0.46, 6.58)

1.42 (0.38, 5.63)

MIP1-α/CCL3

78

13

1.67 (0.46, 6.58)

1.74 (0.47, 7.00)

RANTES/CCL5

78

13

1.67 (0.46, 6.58)

1.55 (0.41, 6.20)

TNF-α

78

13

1.67 (0.46, 6.58)

1.48 (0.39, 5.98)

CSF

IL-6

78

13

1.67 (0.46, 6.58)

1.37 (0.35, 5.59)

IP-10/CXCL10

78

13

1.67 (0.46, 6.58)

1.75 (0.46, 7.16)

MCP-1/CCL2

78

13

1.67 (0.46, 6.58)

1.67 (0.45, 6.58)

MIG/CXCL9

78

13

1.67 (0.46, 6.58)

1.66 (0.45, 6.58)

MIP1-α/CCL3

78

13

1.67 (0.46, 6.58)

1.32 (0.35, 5.26)

RANTES/CCL5

78

13

1.67 (0.46, 6.58)

1.64 (0.45, 6.47)

TNF-α

78

13

1.67 (0.46, 6.58)

1.83 (0.49, 7.31)

  1. All models were adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity and years of education.
  2. aModels which included neurometabolite measures were further corrected for scanner.
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