Fig. 5: Schematic summary of this study.

Paternal methamphetamine (METH) exposure induces higher ADRB1 levels on mPFC neurons in male F1 mice during adulthood. Subthreshold dose of METH treatment in F1 (sd-METH), which is not sufficient to induce CPP, efficiently produces METH-related CPP in METH-sired male F1 mice, accompanied with more activated mPFC CaMKII-positive neurons than that in saline-sired male F1 mice. Locally inhibiting ADRB1 function or specifically knocking-down ADRB1 on CaMKII-positive neurons (ADRB1CaMKII) efficiently reduces sd-METH-evoked mPFC activation, and ultimately blocks sd-METH-induced CPP in METH-sired male F1 mice. The p-EKR1/2 and ΔFosB might be potential subsequent signals of ADRB1 in the process.