Table 1 Sample characteristics and predictors of adherence at 1 year.

From: Predictors of medication adherence in a large 1-year prospective cohort of individuals with schizophrenia: insights from the multicentric FACE-SZ dataset

 

Adherence to medication at 12 months of visit

Multivariable analysis

Whole sample

Cluster 1 “Poor adherence” N = 170 (35.1%)

Cluster 2 “Good adherence” N = 315 (64.9%)

Univariate analysis

p value

aORa

95% CI

p value

Sociodemographic characteristics

 Sex, male, n (%)

376 (77.5)

136 (80.0)

240 (76.2)

0.338

   

 Age, mean (sd)

32.11 (10.1)

30.97 (8.8)

32.73 (10.6)

0.051

0.97

0.94–0.99

0.043

 Diagnosis, schizophrenia (vs schizoaffective disorder)

367 (75.7)

125 (73.5)

242 (76.8)

0.419

   

Clinical variables

Age at illness onset, mean (sd)

21.73 (6.7)

21.34 (6.6)

21.95 (6.7)

0.339

   

Illness duration (years), mean (sd)

10.34 (8.2)

9.77 (7.2)

10.65 (8.7)

0.632

   

 PANSS total score, mean (sd)

69.52 (17.9)

72.77 (18.6)

67.71 (17.4)

0.004

1.01

0.98–1.02

 

 PANSS positive score, mean (sd)

8.25 (3.9)

8.98 (3.7)

7.85 (3.9)

<0.001

1.07

1.00–1.15

0.024

 PANSS negative score, mean (sd)

16.06 (6.7)

16.83 (6.7)

15.64 (6.7)

0.044

1.02

0.97–1.06

0.323

 PANSS Excitation score, mean (sd)

5.39 (2.02)

5.72 (2.2)

5.21 (1.9)

0.003

0.97

0.85–1.11

0.474

 PANSS Depressive score, mean (sd)

6.82 (3.0)

7.65 (3.2)

6.37 (2.8)

<0.001

1.19

1.09–1.31

<0.001

PANSS Disorganized score mean (sd)

7.37 (3.3)

7.62(3.3)

7.24 (3.4)

0.171

0.96

0.87–1.05

0.370

 Insight Birchwood total score, mean (sd)

8.96 (2.84)

8.48 (2.9)

9.22 (2.8)

0.003

0.87

0.79–0.95

 

Insight illness awareness Birchwood subscore, mean (sd)

2.70 (1.37)

2.58 (1.4)

2.77 (1.4)

0.139

0.97

0.77–1.23

0.984

Insight symptoms awareness Birchwood subscore, mean (sd)

3.01 (1.20)

2.87 (1.3)

3.09 (1.2)

0.073

0.99

0.78–1.25

0.993

 Insight needs for treatment subscore, mean (sd)

3.25 (0.96)

3.01 (1.1)

3.38 (0.9)

<0.001

0.58

0.43–0.78

<0.001

 Lifetime history of suicide attempt (%)

139 (29.3)

62 (37.1)

77 (25.1)

0.006

1.88

1.11–3.21

0.016

Body Mass Index, mean (sd)

26.63 (5.5)

27.19 (6.1)

26.32 (5.1)

0.132

1.03

0.98–1.07

0.146

Tardive dyskinesia (AIMS score), mean (sd)

0.97 (2.2)

0.95 (2.2)

1.12 (2.4)

0.242

   

Akathisia (BAS score ≥2) (%)

73 (15.9)

30 (41.1)

43 (58.9)

0.296

   

Extrapyramidal symptoms (SARS score), mean (sd)

0.27 (0.4)

0.27 (0.3)

0.27 (0.4)

0.855

   

Substance use disorder

 Lifetime alcohol use disorder, n (%)

126 (28.8)

62 (40.8)

64 (22.4)

<0.001

2.58

1.36–4.96

0.031

 Lifetime cannabis use disorder, n (%)

161 (35.2)

74 (45.4)

87 (29.5)

<0.001

1.83

0.96–3.48

0.073

Treatment

Clozapine, n (%)

72 (16.5)

22 (14.2)

50 (17.9)

0.324

   

Long-acting antipsychotic, n (%)

64 (14.51)

23 (14.7)

41 (14.4)

0.918

   

 First-generation antipsychotic, n (%)

20 (4.6)

7 (4.5)

13 (4.6)

0.951

   

Second-generation antipsychotic, n (%)

403 (92.6)

143 (92.3)

260 (92.9)

0.818

   

Chlorpromazine equivalent, mean (sd)

544.31 (518.5)

613.02 (626.8)

507.47 (441.8)

0.307

   

Antidepressant, n (%)

109 (25.1)

36 (23.2)

73 (26.1)

0.511

   

Benzodiazepine, n (%)

99 (22.8)

35 (22.6)

64 (22.9)

0.975

   

Number of psychotropic medications, mean (sd)

2.58 (1.48)

2.67 (1.6)

2.52 (1.4)

0.561

   
  1. Significant associations are in bold.
  2. PANSS Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, AIMS Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale, BAS Barnes Akathisia Scale, SARS Simpson and Angus Rating Scale.
  3. aaOR: adjusted odds ratio (adjusted for Age, PANSS positive score, PANSS negative score, PANSS excitation score, PANSS depressive score, PANSS disorganized score, suicide, lifetime alcohol use disorder, lifetime cannabis use disorder, Insight symptoms awareness birchwood subscore, Insight illness awareness birchwood subscore, Insight need for treatment subscore, and Body Mass Index).
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