Table 2 Subgroup analysis of the prevalence of sleep disturbances.

Type of data collection

7.949 (p = 0.005)

Self-report

30

27,609

140,214

24.4

18.7–31.0

99.800

<0.001

Parent-report

27

19,423

66,387

40.2

31.4–49.7

99.733

<0.001

Region

23.656 (p < 0.001)

America

5

1339

4830

40.9

16.5–70.8

99.306

<0.001

Asia

29

11,306

72,422

21.8

16.5–28.2

99.802

<0.001

Asia and Europe

4

805

1797

59.2

22.7–87.8

98.953

<0.001

Europe

12

13,054

33,178

40.1

27.8–53.7

99.783

<0.001

Oceania

3

1793

6540

27.5

16.7–41.9

99.213

<0.001

South America

4

3992

10,647

50.7

39.0–62.4

97.528

<0.001

Children/adolescents

7.670 (p = 0.022)

Adolescents

20

9688

80,249

21.1

13.4–31.6

99.802

<0.001

Both

19

24,803

78,898

33.2

26.3–40.9

99.793

<0.001

Children

18

12,514

47,454

42.2

31.7–53.4

99.693

<0.001

Scale on sleep disturbances

10.281 (p = 0.068)

CSHQ

6

2451

9160

59.2

28.9–83.8

99.770

<0.001

ISI

5

2417

10,360

23.5

12.4–40.0

99.576

<0.001

PSQI

5

5736

24,386

33.6

20.8–49.3

99.744

<0.001

Single question

21

22,527

110,024

24.2

17.0–33.3

99.846

<0.001

SDSC

9

6403

14,691

50.4

30.0–70.6

99.735

<0.001

YSIS

2

842

3149

22.5

6.3–55.4

99.578

<0.001