Table 2 The parameters for VPP model between MUD group and HC group.

	HC M (SD) n = 39	Meth M (SD) n = 50	t	df	p	Choen’s d
A	0.04 (0.01)	0.17 (0.07)	−13.04^a	87	<0.001	−2.786
alpha	0.95 (0.05)	1.1 (0.07)	−11.17	87	<0.001	−2.385
cons	1.62 (0.1)	1.01 (0.2)	17.86^a	87	<0.001	3.815
lambda	0.26 (0.16)	0.1 (0.18)	4.19	87	<0.001	0.896
epP	0.25 (1.18)	0.86 (1.81)	−1.83^a	87	0.071	−0.391
epN	−0.5 (1.23)	−0.21 (1.31)	−1.06	87	0.292	−0.226
K	0.4 (0.17)	0.36 (0.17)	1.29	87	0.201	0.275
ω	0.74 (0.03)	0.64 (0.12)	4.74^a	87	<0.001	1.013
	Pre M (SD) n = 24	Post M (SD) n = 24
A	0.19 (0.08)	0.05 (0.002)	9.33	23	<0.001	1.904
alpha	1.09 (0.09)	0.71 (0.05)	16.59	23	<0.001	3.386
cons	1.01 (0.18)	1.14 (0.09)	−2.93	23	0.008	−0.598
lambda	0.13 (0.25)	0.51 (0.15)	−8.1	23	<0.001	−1.653
epP	0.62 (1.89)	1.03 (0.76)	−1.17	23	0.254	−0.239
epN	−0.28 (1.23)	0.21 (1.05)	−2.57	23	0.017	−0.525
K	0.34 (0.16)	0.47 (0.15)	−3.23	23	0.004	−0.659
ω	0.65 (0.11)	0.54 (0.01)	4.83	23	<0.001	0.985

HC health control group, MUD methamphetamine use disorder group, Pre methamphetamine use disorder group before the rTMS treatment, Post methamphetamine use disorder group after the rTMS treatment, A learning rate, alpha outcome sensitivity, cons response consistency, lambda loss aversion, epP gain impact, epN loss impact, K decay rate, ω reinforcement learning weight.
^aLevene’s test is significant (p < 0.05); suggesting a violation of the assumption of equal variances.

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