Table 1 Comparison of basic characteristics between AD and HC groups.

From: Correlation of peripheral olfactomedin 1 with Alzheimer’s disease and cognitive functions

Variables

Total

n = 238

HC

n = 118

AD

n = 120

p-value

Demographic characteristics

 Agea, years

62.5 ± 9.4

58.8 ± 7.7

66.6 ± 8.2

<0.001***

Sexb

   

0.087

 Male

88 (37.0)

50 (42.4)

38 (31.7)

 

 Female

150 (63.0)

68 (57.6)

82 (68.3)

 

Education levelb

   

0.001**

 Primary and below

45 (18.9)

12 (10.2)

33 (27.5)

 

 Middle school

124 (52.1)

62 (52.5)

62 (51.7)

 

 College and above

69 (29.0)

44 (37.3)

25 (20.8)

 

Employmentb

   

0.646

 Mental

94 (39.5)

50 (42.4)

44 (36.7)

 

 Physical

126 (52.9)

60 (50.8)

66 (55.0)

 

 None

18 (7.6)

8 (6.8)

10 (8.3)

 

Smoking historyb

18 (7.6)

7 (5.9)

11 (9.2)

0.345

Drinking historyb

18 (7.6)

5 (4.2)

13 (10.8)

0.054

APOE ε4 carriersb

78 (32.8)

24 (20.0)

54 (45.0)

<0.001***

Medical historyb

 Hypertension

38 (16.0)

22 (18.6)

16 (13.3)

0.263

 Diabetes mellitus

18 (7.6)

9 (7.6)

9 (7.5)

0.970

 Heart disease

16 (6.7)

11 (9.3)

5 (4.2)

0.112

 Stroke history

18 (7.6)

8 (6.8)

10 (8.3)

0.650

 Family history of dementia

28 (11.8)

10 (8.5)

18 (15)

0.118

 Surgery history

31 (81.6)

10 (8.5)

21 (17.5)

0.051

Laboratory indicesc

 Homocysteine (µmol/L)

11.54 (9.63, 14.35)

11.05 (9.59, 13.03)

11.86 (9.44, 15.05)

0.341

 Creatinine (µmol/L)

61.35 (54.70, 72.85)

62.05 (56.18, 72.68)

60.70 (53.26, 73.13)

0.520

 Cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.71 (4.07, 5.34)

4.63 (4.06, 5.27)

4.82 (4.06, 5.45)

0.497

 Triglyceride (mmol/L)

1.33 (0.97, 1.76)

1.47 (1.05, 1.93)

1.26 (0.90, 1.62)

0.015*

 HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.17 (1.04, 1.32)

1.13 (0.99, 1.28)

1.22 (1.06, 1.36)

0.006**

 LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.97 (2.50, 3.41)

2.95 (2.49, 3.46)

2.98 (2.51, 3.36)

0.929

 TSH (µIU/ml)

1.70 (1.10, 2.50)

1.72 (1.24, 2.40)

1.56 (1.05, 2.53)

0.543

 FT3 (pmol/L)

4.13 (3.80, 4.39)

4.15 (3.91, 4.38)

4.10 (3.71, 4.41)

0.158

 FT4 (pmol/L)

12.53 (11.65, 13.57)

12.73 (11.91, 13.63)

12.38 (11.47, 13.54)

0.197

 Folic acid (ng/mL)

8.50 (6.50, 11.43)

8.60 (7.20, 11.54)

7.80 (5.65, 11.38)

0.028*

 Vitamin B12 (pmol/L)

328.40 (231.83, 435.00)

348.50 (261.38, 435.25)

297.50 (203.50, 434.25)

0.029*

  1. AD Alzheimer’s disease, HC health controls, APOE apolipoprotein E, HDL-C high density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low density lipoprotein cholesterol, TSH thyroid stimulating hormone, FT3 free triiodothyronine, FT4 free thyroxine.
  2. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
  3. aRepresented by the mean ± standard deviation.
  4. bExpressed as frequencies (%).
  5. cRepresented by the median and interquartile range (IQR).
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