Fig. 1: Cognitive behavioral impairments in ethanol-exposed WT and APP/PS1 mice in four paradigms (DID, 2BC, CIE, IP).

A The schematic illustration of 10-week ethanol exposure process in WT and APP/PS1 mice. B–D Locomotor activity assessments of WT and APP/PS1 mice in LA test after 4-week, 8-week, and 10-week of ethanol exposure, the spontaneous locomotion activity was detected, no significant difference was found. E–J The NOR tests were performed to evaluate the short-term (1-h) and long-term (24-h) recognition memory of WT and APP/PS1 mice after 4-week, 8-week, and 10-week of ethanol exposure. The discrimination index (DI) of each group was calculated. K–M The Y maze was performed to examine spatial working memory of WT and APP/PS1 mice after 4-week, 8-week, and 10-week of ethanol exposure, the spontaneous alternation rate (%) of each group was calculated. N–S The MWM were performed to examine spatial reference memory of WT and APP/PS1 mice after 4-week, 8-week, and 10-week of ethanol exposure. The platform crossing time 1-h (N-P) and 24-h after training (Q-S) were recorded. Drinking in the dark (DID), two bottle choice (2BC), chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE), and intraperitoneal injection (IP). Each group contains five to six mice, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, n = 5 or 6.