Fig. 4: Ultrasonic vocalization of Sprague Dawley and Flinders sensitive line rats.

A Representative picture of positive affective vocalization (40 kHz to 60 kHz) from a FSL rat. B Number of calls for pre- DBS (T0). (C) during DBS (T1). (D) 5 s after DBS (T2). (E) post DBS (T3). (F) Length (s) of call for pre-DBS (T0). G, during DBS (T1) (H) 5 s after DBS (T2). (I) post DBS (T3). J Correlation between number of calls and NA signalling at PFC of SD. (K) NAc of SD. (L) PFC of FSL. (M) Correlation between length of calls and NA signalling at PFC of SD. N NAc of SD. (O) PFC of FSL. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, ns, non-significant. Error bars: SEM.