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Dietary intake, quality, and assessment tools in individuals with problematic alcohol use: a scoping review and meta-analysis
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  • Published: 28 January 2026

Dietary intake, quality, and assessment tools in individuals with problematic alcohol use: a scoping review and meta-analysis

  • Jennifer J. Barb  ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-3022-01541,
  • Lillian C. King1,
  • Shubhi Nanda  ORCID: orcid.org/0009-0000-2954-47041,
  • Donna Barnett2,
  • Valerie L. Darcey3,
  • Shanna Yang2,
  • Sara Turner  ORCID: orcid.org/0009-0004-6679-88762,
  • Ayaan Ahmed  ORCID: orcid.org/0009-0002-5232-814X1,
  • Katherine A. Maki  ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-4578-960X1,
  • Carlotta Vizioli4,
  • Gisela Butera  ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-3976-00185,
  • Mehdi Farokhnia  ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-0902-42124,
  • Gwenyth R. Wallen  ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-7134-16361 &
  • …
  • Lorenzo Leggio  ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-7284-87544 

Translational Psychiatry , Article number:  (2026) Cite this article

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  • Addiction
  • Scientific community

Abstract

Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is commonly associated with malnutrition, yet the relative contributions of inadequate intake versus alcohol-related metabolic disruption remain unclear. This scoping review summarizes existing literature on dietary intake patterns and diet quality among individuals with AUD, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. A comprehensive, systematic search was conducted without date restrictions, and dietary intake was categorized by drinking status (active vs. abstinent). Across 41 included studies, only four reported on diet quality or assessed adherence to recommended nutrient intake. There was considerable variability in both the reporting of dietary variables and the assessment tools utilized across studies. Weighted averages showed that individuals with AUD generally had Body Mass Index (BMI) values in the normal range and reported adequate total caloric intake and macronutrient distribution during both active drinking and abstinence. However, despite seemingly sufficient intake, nutrient deficiencies are common in this population, likely due to alcohol-related interference with nutrient absorption, metabolism, and utilization. These findings underscore the need for AUD-specific nutritional guidelines, standardized dietary assessment methods, and more robust evaluations of diet quality. Integrating nutrition science into AUD research and clinical care may provide an opportunity to improve both treatment outcomes and long-term recovery.

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Data availability

The data and literature search protocol underpinning this paper can be requested from the corresponding authors.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the NIH Library librarian Diane Cooper for help with the MESH term generation and database searches. This research is supported by the National Institutes of Health Intramural Research Program (NIDA/NIAAA, NIDDK and CC). This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The contributions of the NIH authors were made as part of their official duties as NIH federal employees, are in compliance with agency policy requirements, and are considered Works of the United States Government. However, the findings and conclusions presented in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NIH or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

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Open access funding provided by the National Institutes of Health.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Translational Biobehavioral and Health Promotion Branch, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, US

    Jennifer J. Barb, Lillian C. King, Shubhi Nanda, Ayaan Ahmed, Katherine A. Maki & Gwenyth R. Wallen

  2. Nutrition Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, US

    Donna Barnett, Shanna Yang & Sara Turner

  3. Nutritional and Metabolic Neuroimaging, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, US

    Valerie L. Darcey

  4. Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, US

    Carlotta Vizioli, Mehdi Farokhnia & Lorenzo Leggio

  5. Division of Library Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, US

    Gisela Butera

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Contributions

JJB, GRW and LL developed the concept for the review. JJB, LCK, VD, ST, SY, AA, DB, CV assisted with the data extraction methodology. JJB, LCK and SN conducted the formal data analysis. JJB developed the outline of the manuscript. SN, LCK, JJB wrote the first draft. JJB and LCK conducted the project administration. JJB, GRW, and LL provided project resources. GB performed the mesh query and database search. MF and KM contributed to final editing of the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jennifer J. Barb or Lorenzo Leggio.

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Barb, J.J., King, L.C., Nanda, S. et al. Dietary intake, quality, and assessment tools in individuals with problematic alcohol use: a scoping review and meta-analysis. Transl Psychiatry (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-026-03842-9

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  • Received: 01 August 2025

  • Revised: 09 December 2025

  • Accepted: 20 January 2026

  • Published: 28 January 2026

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-026-03842-9

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