Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

Advertisement

Translational Psychiatry
  • View all journals
  • Search
  • My Account Login
  • Content Explore content
  • About the journal
  • Publish with us
  • Sign up for alerts
  • RSS feed
  1. nature
  2. translational psychiatry
  3. articles
  4. article
Borderline personality disorder and other psychiatric, somatic, and behavioral conditions: a nationwide family study
Download PDF
Download PDF
  • Article
  • Open access
  • Published: 10 April 2026

Borderline personality disorder and other psychiatric, somatic, and behavioral conditions: a nationwide family study

  • Alisha S. M. Hall  ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-1684-66631,2,3,
  • Katherine L. Musliner1,2,
  • Jean-Christophe P. Debost2,
  • Bjarni J. Vilhjálmsson  ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-2277-92494,5,6,
  • Zheng Chang3,
  • Brian M. D’Onofrio3,7,
  • Paul Lichtenstein  ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-3037-52873,
  • Ralf Kuja-Halkola  ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-3765-20673 &
  • …
  • Isabell Brikell3,8,9 

Translational Psychiatry , Article number:  (2026) Cite this article

  • 425 Accesses

  • 1 Altmetric

  • Metrics details

We are providing an unedited version of this manuscript to give early access to its findings. Before final publication, the manuscript will undergo further editing. Please note there may be errors present which affect the content, and all legal disclaimers apply.

Subjects

  • Genetics
  • Psychiatric disorders

Abstract

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) often co-occurs with other health conditions, but the role of genetics vs. environment is unclear. In this multigenerational cohort study using Swedish national registers, the authors quantified the co-aggregation of BPD with other phenotypes in families and estimated the genetic vs. environmental contributions. In a birth cohort of individuals born 1973–2001 and their twins, siblings, cousins, parents, and aunts/uncles, the exposure was BPD in the proband. Odds ratios were estimated for 19 psychiatric, 18 somatic, and seven behavioral/injury outcome phenotypes within individuals and relative pairs. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate genetic, common environmental, and unique environmental contributions to phenotypic associations and genetic correlations (rg). Of the 2.7 million individuals in the birth cohort (mean age at follow-up end = 31.7 years, SD = 9.8, 48.5% female), 24,547 (86% female) were diagnosed with BPD by follow-up end. Relatives of individuals with BPD had increased risk for various psychiatric, somatic, and behavioral phenotypes, except cystic fibrosis. Psychiatric phenotypes showed the strongest phenotypic and genetic correlations, with equal contributions from genetic and unique environmental factors. The pattern varied for somatic phenotypes, which also had weaker correlations. Sleep disorders showed the strongest genetic overlap with BPD (rg = 0.74, 95%CI = 0.39–1.08). Behavioral phenotypes related to BPD symptoms showed strong associations and genetic overlap (e.g., self-harm rg = 0.80, 95%CI = 0.55–1.04), whereas accident-related phenotypes had weaker associations and varied genetic/environmental contributions. BPD co-aggregates with many phenotypes, with psychiatric conditions showing the strongest genetic overlap. These findings guide further research on BPD comorbidity causes and interventions.

Similar content being viewed by others

Borderline personality disorder and the big five: molecular genetic analyses indicate shared genetic architecture with neuroticism and openness

Article Open access 11 April 2022

Borderline personality disorder: associations with psychiatric disorders, somatic illnesses, trauma, and adverse behaviors

Article Open access 18 March 2022

Overlapping genetic influences between creativity and borderline personality symptoms in a large Dutch sample

Article Open access 30 July 2024

Data availability

The data analyzed in this study are available from Statistics Sweden and The Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare. The Public Access to Information and Secrecy Act in Sweden prohibits publication of individual-level data. Researchers who are interested in replicating our work can, after obtaining ethical approval, apply for data through Statistics Sweden at: https://www.scb.se/en/services/guidance-for-researchers-and-universities/.

References

  1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®). 5th ed. 2013.

  2. Kleindienst N, Vonderlin R, Bohus M, Lis S. Childhood adversity and borderline personality disorder. Analyses complementing the meta-analysis by Porter et al. (2020). Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2021;143:183–4.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Porter C, Palmier-Claus J, Branitsky A, Mansell W, Warwick H, Varese F. Childhood adversity and borderline personality disorder: a meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2020;141:6–20.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Skoglund C, Tiger A, Rück C, Petrovic P, Asherson P, Hellner C, et al. Familial risk and heritability of diagnosed borderline personality disorder: a register study of the Swedish population. Mol Psychiatry. 2021;26:999–1008.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Torgersen S, Lygren S, Øien PA, Skre I, Onstad S, Edvardsen J, et al. A twin study of personality disorders. Compr Psychiatry. 2000;41:416–25.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Streit F, Awasthi S, Hall AS, Braun A, Niarchou M, Marouli E, et al. Genome-wide association study of borderline personality disorder identifies 11 loci and highlights shared risk with mental and somatic disorders. Nat Genet. [Accepted for publication].

  7. Gunderson JG, Herpertz SC, Skodol AE, Torgersen S, Zanarini MC. Borderline personality disorder. Nat Rev Dis Primer. 2018;4:1–20.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Ellison WD, Rosenstein LK, Morgan TA, Zimmerman M. Community and clinical epidemiology of borderline personality disorder. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2018;41:561–73.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Ramos-Suárez I, Guerrero-Jiménez M, Cervilla JA, Gutiérrez B. Epidemiology of borderline personality disorder in the general population: prevalence, sociodemographic factors, and comorbidities - a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2026;394:120482.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Zimmerman M, Becker L. The hidden borderline patient: patients with borderline personality disorder who do not engage in recurrent suicidal or self-injurious behavior. Psychol Med. 2023;53:5177–84.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Pedersen L, Simonsen E. Incidence and prevalence rates of personality disorders in Denmark—a register study. Nord J Psychiatry. 2014;68:543–8.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Tomko RL, Trull TJ, Wood PK, Sher KJ. Characteristics of borderline personality disorder in a community sample: comorbidity, treatment utilization, and general functioning. J Personal Disord. 2014;28:734–50.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Grant BF, Chou SP, Goldstein RB, Huang B, Stinson FS, Saha TD, et al. Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV borderline personality disorder: results from the Wave 2 national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008;69:533–45.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Leichsenring F, Fonagy P, Heim N, Kernberg OF, Leweke F, Luyten P, et al. Borderline personality disorder: a comprehensive review of diagnosis and clinical presentation, etiology, treatment, and current controversies. World Psychiatry. 2024;23:4–25.

    Google Scholar 

  15. El-Gabalawy R, Katz LY, Sareen J. Comorbidity and associated severity of borderline personality disorder and physical health conditions in a nationally representative sample. Psychosom Med. 2010;72:641–7.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Doering S. Borderline personality disorder in patients with medical illness: a review of assessment, prevalence, and treatment options. Psychosom Med. 2019;81:584–94.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Hastrup LH, Jennum P, Ibsen R, Kjellberg J, Simonsen E. Borderline personality disorder and the diagnostic co-occurrence of mental health disorders and somatic diseases: A controlled prospective national register-based study. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2024;149:124–32.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Tate AE, Sahlin H, Liu S, Lu Y, Lundström S, Larsson H, et al. Borderline personality disorder: associations with psychiatric disorders, somatic illnesses, trauma, and adverse behaviors. Mol Psychiatry. 2022;27:2514–21.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Hastrup LH, Jennum P, Ibsen R, Kjellberg J, Simonsen E. Societal costs of borderline personality disorders: a matched-controlled nationwide study of patients and spouses. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2019;140:458–67.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Sansone RA, Sansone LA. Gender patterns in borderline personality disorder. Innov Clin Neurosci. 2011;8:16–20.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Shen CC, Hu LY, Hu YH. Comorbidity study of borderline personality disorder: applying association rule mining to the Taiwan national health insurance research database. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2017;17:8.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Qian X, Townsend ML, Tan WJ, Grenyer BFS. Sex differences in borderline personality disorder: a scoping review. PLOS ONE. 2022;17:e0279015.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Streit F, Awasthi S, Hall AS, Braun A, Niarchou M, Marouli E, et al. Genome-wide association study of borderline personality disorder identifies 11 loci and highlights shared risk with mental and somatic disorders [Internet]. medRxiv; 2025. 2024.11.12.24316957. Available from: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.12.24316957v2.

  24. Kuja-Halkola R, Lind Juto K, Skoglund C, Rück C, Mataix-Cols D, Pérez-Vigil A, et al. Do borderline personality disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder co-aggregate in families? A population-based study of 2 million Swedes. Mol Psychiatry. 2021;26:341–9.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Friedman NP, Banich MT, Keller MC. Twin studies to GWAS: there and back again. Trends Cogn Sci. 2021;25:855–69.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Manolio TA, Collins FS, Cox NJ, Goldstein DB, Hindorff LA, Hunter DJ, et al. Finding the missing heritability of complex diseases. Nature. 2009;461:747–53.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Källén B, Källén K. The Swedish medical birth register - a summary of content and quality. Vols. 2003-112–3. Socialstyrelsen; 2003.

  28. Ekbom A. The Swedish multi-generation register. In: Methods in biobanking. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2010. 215–20. (Methods in Molecular Biology; Vol. 675).

  29. Zagai U, Lichtenstein P, Pedersen NL, Magnusson PKE. The Swedish twin registry: content and management as a research infrastructure. Twin Res Hum Genet. 2019;22:672–80.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Ludvigsson JF, Almqvist C, Bonamy AKE, Ljung R, Michaëlsson K, Neovius M, et al. Registers of the Swedish total population and their use in medical research. Eur J Epidemiol. 2016;31:125–36.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Brooke HL, Talbäck M, Hörnblad J, Johansson LA, Ludvigsson JF, Druid H, et al. The Swedish cause of death register. Eur J Epidemiol. 2017;32:765–73.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Ludvigsson JF, Andersson E, Ekbom A, Feychting M, Kim JL, Reuterwall C, et al. External review and validation of the Swedish national inpatient register. BMC Public Health. 2011;11:450.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Forsberg L, Rydh H, Björkenstam E, Jacobsson A, Nyqvist K, Heurgren M. Kvalitet och innehåll i patientregistret. Utskrivningar från slutenvården 1964-2007 och besök i specialiserad öppenvård (exklusive primärvårdsbesök) 1997-2007. (Quality and content of the Patient Register) [Internet]. Vol. Artikelnr 2009-125-15. Stockholm: Socialstyrelsen; 2009. Available from: https://www.socialstyrelsen.se/contentassets/12ab370b4cec441db1b8b0c78b9d6a1d/2009-125-15_200912515_rev2.pdf.

  34. Kouppis E, Ekselius L. Validity of the personality disorder diagnosis in the Swedish national patient register. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2020;141:432–8.

    Google Scholar 

  35. R Core Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing [Internet]. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2023. Available from: https://www.R-project.org/.

  36. Solmi M, Radua J, Olivola M, Croce E, Soardo L, Salazar de Pablo G, et al. Age at onset of mental disorders worldwide: large-scale meta-analysis of 192 epidemiological studies. Mol Psychiatry. 2022;27:281–95.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Porta M, Curletto G, Cipullo D, Rigault de la Longrais R, Trento M, Passera P, et al. Estimating the delay between onset and diagnosis of type 2 diabetes from the time course of retinopathy prevalence. Diabetes Care. 2014;37:1668–74.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Sullivan PF, Eaves LJ. Evaluation of analyses of univariate discrete twin data. Behav Genet. 2002;32:221–7.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Pettersson E, Larsson H, Lichtenstein P. Common psychiatric disorders share the same genetic origin: a multivariate sibling study of the Swedish population. Mol Psychiatry. 2016;21:717–21.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Knopik VS, Neiderhiser JM, DeFries JC, Plomin R. Behavioral genetics. Seventh edition. New York: Worth Publishers, Macmillan Learning; 2017. 508.

  41. Rietz ED, Brikell I, Butwicka A, Leone M, Chang Z, Cortese S, et al. Mapping phenotypic and aetiological associations between ADHD and physical conditions in adulthood in Sweden: a genetically informed register study. Lancet Psychiatry. 2021;8:774–83.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Zetterqvist J, Sjölander A. Doubly robust estimation with the R package drgee. Epidemiol Methods. 2015;4:69–86.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Neale MC, Hunter MD, Pritikin JN, Zahery M, Brick TR, Kirkpatrick RM, et al. OpenMx 2.0: Extended structural equation and statistical modeling. Psychometrika. 2016;81:535–49.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Therneau TM, Grambsch PM Modeling survival data: extending the cox model. New York: Springer; 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Distel MA, Carlier A, Middeldorp CM, Derom CA, Lubke GH, Boomsma DI. Borderline personality traits and adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms: a genetic analysis of comorbidity. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2011;156:817–25.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Fan CC, Dehkordi SR, Border R, Shao L, Xu B, Loughnan R, et al. Spousal correlations for nine psychiatric disorders are consistent across cultures and persistent over generations. Nat Hum Behav. 2025;9:2539–47.

  47. Plomin R, Krapohl E, O’Reilly PF. Assortative mating—a missing piece in the jigsaw of psychiatric genetics. JAMA Psychiatry. 2016;73:323–4.

    Google Scholar 

  48. van der Dussen L, Nieuwstraten W, Roebroeck M, Stam HJ. Functional level of young adults with cerebral palsy. Clin Rehabil. 2001;15:84–91.

    Google Scholar 

  49. MacLennan AH, Thompson SC, Gecz J. Cerebral palsy: causes, pathways, and the role of genetic variants. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;213:779–88.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Zou X, Ptáček LJ, Fu YH. The genetics of human sleep and sleep disorders. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet. 2024;25:259–85.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Selby EA. Chronic sleep disturbances and borderline personality disorder symptoms. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81:941–7.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Krystal AD. Psychiatric disorders and sleep. Neurol Clin. 2012;30:1389–413.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Saccaro LF, Schilliger Z, Dayer A, Perroud N, Piguet C. Inflammation, anxiety, and stress in bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder: a narrative review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2021;127:184–92.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Cao M, Wang G, Xie J. Immune dysregulation in sepsis: experiences, lessons and perspectives. Cell Death Discov. 2023;9:1–11.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Walsh R, Jurgens SJ, Erdmann J, Bezzina CR. Genome-wide association studies of cardiovascular disease. Physiol Rev. 2023;103:2039–55.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Mahajan A, Spracklen CN, Zhang W, Ng MCY, Petty LE, Kitajima H, et al. Multi-ancestry genetic study of type 2 diabetes highlights the power of diverse populations for discovery and translation. Nat Genet. 2022;54:560–72.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Skaug E, Czajkowski NO, Waaktaar T, Torgersen S. Childhood trauma and borderline personality disorder traits: a discordant twin study. J Psychopathol Clin Sci. 2022;131:365–74.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Möller J, Lindholm E, Fredlund P, Vaez M, Liang Y, Laflamme L. Trends in intentional and unintentional poisonings among older adults - a national register-based study in Sweden. BMC Geriatr. 2023;23:296.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Trull TJ, Freeman LK, Vebares TJ, Choate AM, Helle AC, Wycoff AM. Borderline personality disorder and substance use disorders: an updated review. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregulation. 2018;5:15.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Black DW, Blum N, Pfohl B, Hale N. Suicidal behavior in borderline personality disorder: prevalence, risk factors, prediction, and prevention. J Personal Disord. 2004;18:226–39.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Koeppen-Schomerus G, Spinath FM, Plomin R. Twins and non-twin siblings: different estimates of shared environmental influence in early childhood. Twin Res Hum Genet. 2003;6:97–105.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Ekselius L, Tillfors M, Furmark T, Fredrikson M. Personality disorders in the general population: DSM-IV and ICD-10 defined prevalence as related to sociodemographic profile. Personal Individ Differ. 2001;30:311–20.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Keller MC, Medland SE, Duncan LE. Are extended twin family designs worth the trouble? A comparison of the bias, precision, and accuracy of parameters estimated in four twin family models. Behav Genet. 2010;40:377–93.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Distel MA, Rebollo-Mesa I, Willemsen G, Derom CA, Trull TJ, Martin NG, et al. Familial resemblance of borderline personality disorder features: genetic or cultural transmission?. PloS One. 2009;4:e5334.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This work was supported by Inge Lehmann Grant number 1133-00034B from the Independent Research Fund Denmark. The Independent Research Fund Denmark had no further role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the article for publication. Open access funding provided by Karolinska Institute.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

    Alisha S. M. Hall & Katherine L. Musliner

  2. Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital – Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark

    Alisha S. M. Hall, Katherine L. Musliner & Jean-Christophe P. Debost

  3. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

    Alisha S. M. Hall, Zheng Chang, Brian M. D’Onofrio, Paul Lichtenstein, Ralf Kuja-Halkola & Isabell Brikell

  4. National Centre for Register-Based Research, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

    Bjarni J. Vilhjálmsson

  5. Bioinformatic Research Centre, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

    Bjarni J. Vilhjálmsson

  6. Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Bjarni J. Vilhjálmsson

  7. Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA

    Brian M. D’Onofrio

  8. Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

    Isabell Brikell

  9. Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

    Isabell Brikell

Authors
  1. Alisha S. M. Hall
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Katherine L. Musliner
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jean-Christophe P. Debost
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Bjarni J. Vilhjálmsson
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Zheng Chang
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Brian M. D’Onofrio
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Paul Lichtenstein
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Ralf Kuja-Halkola
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Isabell Brikell
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

ASMH: conceptualization, methodology, data curation, formal analysis, visualization, writing – original draft, writing – review & editing. KLM: conceptualization, writing – review & editing, funding acquisition. JCPD: writing – review & editing. BJV: writing – review & editing. ZC: resources, writing – review & editing. BMD: resources, writing – review & editing. PL: resources, writing – review & editing, supervision. RKH: conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, writing – review & editing, resources. IB: conceptualization, methodology, writing – review & editing, resources, funding acquisition. The corresponding authors confirm that all co-authors substantially contributed to either the conception/design of the work or the acquisition/analysis/interpretation of data, critically reviewed the work for important intellectual content, and approved the final version to be published. In addition, all co-authors will strive to investigate and resolve any questions related to the accuracy/integrity of the work should these arise.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Alisha S. M. Hall or Isabell Brikell.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

BJV is a member of the advisory board of Allelica. ZC has previously received speaker fees from Takeda Pharmaceuticals. ASMH, KLM, JCPD, PL, BMD, RKH, and IB report no financial relationships with commercial interests or potential conflicts of interest.

Ethics

This study was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (reference number 2020-06540). Informed consent is not required for pseudonymized register-based research according to the Swedish law. All analyses were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.

Additional information

Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary information

Supplementary Information (download PDF )

Rights and permissions

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Hall, A.S.M., Musliner, K.L., Debost, JC.P. et al. Borderline personality disorder and other psychiatric, somatic, and behavioral conditions: a nationwide family study. Transl Psychiatry (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-026-04001-w

Download citation

  • Received: 17 September 2025

  • Revised: 18 February 2026

  • Accepted: 16 March 2026

  • Published: 10 April 2026

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-026-04001-w

Share this article

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

Download PDF

Advertisement

Explore content

  • Research articles
  • Reviews & Analysis
  • News & Comment
  • Collections
  • Sign up for alerts
  • RSS feed

About the journal

  • Journal Information
  • Open Access Publishing
  • About the Editors
  • Contact
  • For Advertisers
  • Calls for Papers
  • Press Releases

Publish with us

  • For Authors & Referees
  • Language editing services
  • Open access funding
  • Submit manuscript

Search

Advanced search

Quick links

  • Explore articles by subject
  • Find a job
  • Guide to authors
  • Editorial policies

Translational Psychiatry (Transl Psychiatry)

ISSN 2158-3188 (online)

nature.com footer links

About Nature Portfolio

  • About us
  • Press releases
  • Press office
  • Contact us

Discover content

  • Journals A-Z
  • Articles by subject
  • protocols.io
  • Nature Index

Publishing policies

  • Nature portfolio policies
  • Open access

Author & Researcher services

  • Reprints & permissions
  • Research data
  • Language editing
  • Scientific editing
  • Nature Masterclasses
  • Research Solutions

Libraries & institutions

  • Librarian service & tools
  • Librarian portal
  • Open research
  • Recommend to library

Advertising & partnerships

  • Advertising
  • Partnerships & Services
  • Media kits
  • Branded content

Professional development

  • Nature Awards
  • Nature Careers
  • Nature Conferences

Regional websites

  • Nature Africa
  • Nature China
  • Nature India
  • Nature Japan
  • Nature Middle East
  • Privacy Policy
  • Use of cookies
  • Legal notice
  • Accessibility statement
  • Terms & Conditions
  • Your US state privacy rights
Springer Nature

© 2026 Springer Nature Limited