Fig. 9: Combination-mediated mitochondrial superoxide leads to oxidation of cofilin and inactivation of LIM kinase.

a MDA-MB-231 cells were treated without or with combination of cepharanthine/epirubicin, the expression of cofilin was analyzed either by nonreducing SDS-PAGE (left, DTT) or by reducing SDS-PAGE (right, +DTT). b Cells were treated without or with combination of cepharanthine/epirubicin in the presence or absence of MitoQ, the expression of cofilin was analyzed either by nonreducing SDS-PAGE (left, DTT) or by reducing SDS-PAGE (right, +DTT). c MDA-MB-231 cells were treated without or with cepharanthine or epirubicin alone or combination of cepharanthine/epirubicin for 48 h, after which Western blot was performed to determine the expression of phospho-LIMK1/2, LIMK1 and LIMK2. d Cells were treated without or with combination of cepharanthine/epirubicin in the presence or absence of MitoQ, the expression of phospho-LIMK1/2 was analyzed by Western blot.