Table 1 Correctness, confidence level, and other important findings in relation to the students.

Correctness

92.5%

8 students answered 20/20 (100%) questions correct; 7 students 19/20 (95%); 8 students 18/20 (90%); and 4 students 17/20 (85%).

2 students had the lowest performance, getting only 16/20 (80%) questions correct.

The 92.5% means that 537of all 580 answers were answered correctly.

Confidence Level

84.6%

Students pointed ‘very sure’ or ‘sure’ on confidence scale. The majority of the students were highly confident showing ≥70% of sureness on their answers. Only one student was confident in only 50% of his/her answers and two other students were 65% confident.

Other important findings

(i)

The eight students who answered 100% of the questions correctly were highly confident in their answers (85.62%), but they also presented the ‘situation 2’, i.e., some uncertainty (14.37%).

(ii)

Nine students (31.03%) were responsible for the 12 misconceptions responses detected. Seven students had one misconception each (five in ‘moderate’ questions and 2 in ‘basic’ questions); one student had two misconceptions (in ‘moderate’ questions); and another had three misconceptions (also in ‘moderate’ questions). Students who had more misconceptions had also the lowest performance, getting only 16/20 (80%) questions correct (P < 0.001).

(iii)

The majority of students were high achieving (more than 85% correctness in the assessment) and, if they had some incorrect response, they indicated unconfidence on that. For example, the eight students who answered 18/20 questions correct and graded 90% in the assessment, five scaled unsure/very unsure for their two incorrect answers (‘situation 4’) (P = 0.047).