Table 1 Composition, manufacturer’s instructions, and group codes of the materials.

High - viscosity GIC

(GC Fuji IX GC Extra, Tokyo, Japan); F9

Lot #2102192

Powder: Fluoroaluminosilicate glass, polyacrylic acid powder

Liquid: polyacrylic acid, polybasic carboxylic acid

1. Capsule activation and mixing

  a) Before activation, shake the capsule or tap its side on a hard surface to loosen the powder.

  b) To activate the capsule, push the plunger until it is flush with the main body.

  c) Immediately place the capsule into a metal GC Capsule Applier and click the lever once.

  d) Immediately remove the capsule and set it into a mixer and mix for 10 s.

2. Restorative technique

  a) Immediately remove the mixed capsule from the mixer and load it into the GC Capsule Applier.

  b) Make two clicks to prime the capsule then syringe. The working time is 1 min 15 s from start of mixing at 23 °C (73.4 °F). Higher temperatures will shorten working time.

  c) Within 10 s maximum after mixing, start to extrude the mixture directly into the preparation.

  d) Form the preliminary contour, and cover with a matrix if required.

3. Finishing

  a) Final finishing under water spray using standard techniques can begin approximately 2 min 30 s after start of mixing.

F9-0

(Non-Irradiated)

F9-35

(Irradiated 35 Gy)

F9-70

(Irradiated 70 Gy)

RMGIC

(GC Fuji II LC capsules, Tokyo, Japan); F2

Lot #2102111

Powder: Aluminofluorosilicate glass

Liquid: Polyacrylic acid, tartaric acid, distilled water, camphorquinone, dibutyl hydroxy toluene, and three resin complexes (mainly HEMA)

1. Capsule activation and mixing

  a) Before activation, shake the capsule or tap its side on hard surface to loosen the powder.

  b) To activate the capsule, push the plunger until it is flush with the main body and hold it down for 2 s.

  c) Immediately removed the capsule and set it into a mixer and mix for 10 s at high speed.

2. Restorative technique

  a) Immediately remove the mixed capsule from the mixer and load it into the GC Capsule Applier.

  b) Click twice to prime the capsule then syringe.

  c) Extrude cement directly into preparation. Avoid air bubbles.

  d) Light - cure for 20 s.

3. Finishing

  a) Finishing under water spray.

F2-0

(Non-Irradiated)

F2-35

(Irradiated 35 Gy)

F2-70

(Irradiated 70 Gy)

Glass hybrid restoration

(Equia Forte^TM, GC, Tokyo, Japan); EQ

Lot #2108031

Powder: 95% strontium-fluoroaluminosilicate glass, 5% polyacrylic acid

Liquid: 40% aqueous polyacrylic acid

1. Capsule activation and mixing

  a) Before activation, shake the capsule or tap its side on a hard surface to loosen the powder.

  b) To activate the capsule, push the plunger until it is flush with the main body and hold it down for 2 s.

  c) Immediately remove the capsule and set it into a mixer and mix for 10 s.

2. Restorative technique

  a) Immediately remove the mixed capsule from the mixer and load it into a GC capsule applier.

  b) Click twice to prime the capsule.

  c) Within 10 s maximum after mixing, start to extrude the mixture directly into preparation.

3. Finishing

  a) Finishing under water spray using superfine diamond burs after 2 min 30 s from start of mixing.

EQ-0

(Non-Irradiated)

EQ-35

(Irradiated 35 Gy)

EQ-70

(Irradiated 70 Gy)

Bioactive composite

(ACTIVA^TM BioACTIVE –RESTORATIVE, Pulpdent, Watertown, MA, USA); AC

Lot #211206

Powder: silanated bioactive glass and calcium, silanated silica and sodium fluoride

Liquid: mix of methacrylates and diurethane with modified polyacrylic acid, and water

1. Set curing light to 20-s, low intensity setting.

2. Apply a bonding agent of your choice.

3. Place a mix tip on the ACTIVA syringe. Insert syringe into  ACTIVA-SPENSER and snap into place using firm pressure.

4. Dispense material using gentle pressure. To ensure an even mix of base and catalyst, dispense 1–2 mm of material onto a mixing pad and discard this material.

5. Place mix tip at cavity floor. Apply ACTIVA in increments of up to 4 mm, keeping mix tip submerged in the material. Light cure for 20 s between each layer. Finishing and polishing in the usual manner.

AC-0

(Non-Irradiated)

AC-35

(Irradiated 35 Gy)

AC-70

(Irradiated 70 Gy)