sTable 1 Summary of findings.
Study | Country | Sample size | Age (mean or range) | Ty/HDLc measurement | Periodontitis definition | Effect estimate (value) with 95% CI | P-value | Confounders adjusted for | Key findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kwon et al., 2018 | Korea | 12,249 | Men 44.4 ± 0.3 years; Women 46.3 ± 0.3 years | Tertiles Men: T1 (<2.0), T2 (2.0 to 3.6), T3 (≥3.6) Women: T1 (<1.3), T2 (1.3 to 2.4), T3 (≥2.4) | CPI score ≥3 with at least one site positive for periodontitis | Men: T3- (OR: 1.474; 95% CI: 1.220–1.780) Women: T3- (OR: 1.259; 95% CI: 1.041–1.522) | Men (p < 0.001) Women (p < 0.001) | Age, Waist circumference, Systolic BP, FBS, Smoking, Alcohol, Physical activity, Household income, Frequent tooth brushing, dyslipidemia medication | The Ty/HDLc ratio was independently associated with periodontal disease in Korean adults. |
Gomes-Filho et al., 2021 | Brazil | 1011 | 53.15 ± 14.63 years | Categorical Group 1: Ty/HDLc ratio < 2.3 Group 2: Ty/HDLc ratio ≥ 2.3 | CDC/AAP definition | Periodontitis and Ty/HDLc ≥ 2.3= (OR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.02–2.14) Severe periodontitis and TG/HDL-C≥2.3 (OR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.03–2.37) | Prevalence p = 0.04 Severity p = 0.03 p = 0.03 p = 0.04 | Age, sex, education, smoking, dentist visits, liver disease, FBS, BP, dyslipidemia medication. | The findings of this study showed a positive association between both moderate and severe periodontitis and a Ty/HDLc ratio ≥ 2.3. |
Lee et al., 2022 | Korea | 13,584 | 50.1 ± 15.8 years | Categorical Quartiles Q1 < 1.32, 1.32 ⩽ Q2 < 2.18, 2.18 ⩽ Q3 < 3.64 3.64 ⩽ Q4 | CPI score ≥3 with at least one site positive for periodontitis | Q4- (OR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.02–1.48) Men: Q4- (OR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.08–1.92) Women: Q4- (OR: 1.09; 95% CI: 0.84–1.41) | p < 0.001 Men: p = 0.001 Women: p = 0.115 | Age, sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol, exercise, Hypertension, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia, and oral hygiene habits. | The study found that the participants in the highest quartiles for the Ty/HDLc ratio had a significantly higher prevalence of periodontitis than the participants in the lowest quartiles. |
Ladeira et al., 2022 | Brazil | 405 | 17–18 years | Continuous | Initial Periodontitis (latent variable using CAL, PPD, and BOP). | Standardised Coefficient= 0.0130, SE = 0.054 | p = 0.016 | Socioeconomic status, smoking, alcohol, adiposity | Higher Ty/HDLc values were associated with Initial Periodontitis in adolescents |
Ladeira et al., 2023 | Brazil | 2515 | 18–19 years | Continuous latent variable (Insulin resistance phenotype) | Chronic oral disease burden (latent variable) | Standardised Coefficient= 0.052, SE = 0.025 | p = 0.033 | Socioeconomic Inequalities, Behavioural Risk Factors (smoking, alcohol abuse, and added-sugar consumption), obesity, | The ‘Insulin Resistance Phenotype’ and ‘Chronic Oral Disease Burden’ was positively associated. |
Tsai et al., 2023 | Taiwan | 1111 | 30.58 ± 5.81 | Continuous | 2017 World workshop AAP- Periodontitis (Stages 1, 2 and 3) | Stage 3: (OR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.04–1.16) | p = 0.001 | Age, smoking, alcohol intake, abdominal obesity, and hypertension. | Serum Ty/HDLc ratio is dose-dependently associated with the risk of localised periodontitis severity (from stage I to stage III). |
García et al., 2024 | Mexico | 69 | 19.0 ± 1.0 years | Continuous | Periodontal disease (Gingivitis + Periodontitis): CPI score ≥1 | Ty/HDLc ratio vs CPI score Spearman’s correlation coefficient (rho)=0.344 | p = 0.006 | Sex, age, BMI, alcohol use, tobacco use, physical activity, socioeconomic status | A significant correlation was found between the Ty/HDLc index and the CPI score. |
