Table 1 Comparison of clinical characteristics between AML patients with and without MDS-R mutationse.

From: Poor prognostic implications of myelodysplasia-related mutations in both older and younger patients with de novo AML

Variables

Younger population

Older population

Without MDS-R mutations (n = 525, 76.6%)

With MDS-R mutations (n = 160, 23.4%)

P value

Without MDS-R mutations (n = 291, 55.1%)

With MDS-R mutations (n = 237, 44.9%)

P value

Sexa

  

0.365

  

<0.001

 Male

279 (53.1%)

92 (57.5%)

 

154 (52.9%)

165 (69.6%)

 

 Female

246 (46.9%)

68 (42.5%)

 

137 (47.1 %)

72 (30.4%)

 

Age (years)b

41.1 (15–60)

45.2 (15–60)

0.018

69.7 (61–98)

72.5 (61–92)

0.003

Lab datab

 WBCs (number/μL)

22,080 (80–405,650)

8,745 (390–374,500)

<0.001

10,390 (430–340,400)

9,730 (520–627,800)

0.988

 Hb (g/dL)

8.2 (2.4–15.3)

7.8 (3.7–16.0)

0.063

8.2 (3.2–13.6)

8.3 (3.6–16.2)

0.347

 Platelets (numbers×1000/μL)

49 (3–751)

50 (2–1017)

0.918

45 (3–424)

47 (3–463)

0.592

 Peripheral blood blasts (numbers/μL)

8892 (0–373,198)

3008 (0–324,576)

<0.001

2620 (0–273,248)

1574 (0–456,724)

0.264

 LDH (U/L)

764 (98–13,130)

561 (140–12,898)

<0.001

561 (129–15,000)

549 (96–13,893)

0.997

FABa

 M0

11 (2.1%)

12 (7.5%)

0.001

7 (2.4%)

12 (5.1%)

0.103

 M1

125 (23.8%)

39 (24.4%)

0.883

53 (18.2%)

39 (16.5%)

0.596

 M2

208 (39.6%)

60 (37.5%)

0.631

130 (44.7%)

83 (35.0%)

0.025

 M4

141 (26.9%)

33 (20.6%)

0.113

18 (6.2%)

87 (36.7%)

<0.001

 M5

23 (4.4%)

7 (4.4%)

0.997

18 (6.2%)

11 (4.6%)

0.439

 M6

17 (3.2%)

9 (5.6%)

0.167

8 (2.7%)

5 (2.1%)

0.637

2022 International Consensus Classificationa

 AML with t(8;21)(q22;q22.1)/RUNX1::RUNX1T1

62 (11.8%)

19 (11.9%)

0.982

14 (4.8%)

2 (0.8%)

0.008

 AML with inv(16)(p13.1q22) or t(16;16) (p13.1;q22)/CBFB::MYH11

38 (7.2%)

1 (0.6%)

0.002

8 (2.7%)

0 (0%)

0.010

 AML with t(9;11)(p21.3;q23.3)/MLLT3::KMT2A

8 (1.5%)

1 (0.6%)

0.382

5 (1.7%)

2 (0.8%)

0.382

 AML with other KMT2A rearrangements

19 (3.6%)

3 (1.9%)

0.273

3 (1.0%)

3 (1.3%)

0.800

 AML with t(6;9)(p22.3;q34.1)/DEK::NUP214

7 (1.3%)

1 (0.6%)

0.465

1 (0.3%)

0 (0%)

0.366

 AML with inv(3)(q21.3q26.2) or t(3;3)(q21.3;q26.2)/GATA2; MECOM(EVI1)

5 (1.0%)

6 (3.8%)

0.014

0 (0%)

1 (0.4%)

0.267

 AML with other MECOM rearrangements

1 (0.2%)

1 (0.6%)

0.372

2 (0.7%)

0 (0%)

0.201

 AML with other rare recurring translocations

20 (3.8%)

1 (0.6%)

0.041

5 (1.7%)

3 (1.3%)

0.672

 AML with t(9;22)(q34.1;q11.2)/BCR::ABL1

3 (0.6%)

1 (0.6%)

0.938

2 (0.7%)

1 (0.4%)

0.687

 AML with mutated NPM1

113 (21.5%)

5 (3.1%)

<0.001

102 (35.1%)

32 (13.5%)

<0.001

 AML with in-frame bZIP CEBPA mutations

95 (18.1%)

10 (6.3%)

<0.001

16 (5.5%)

13 (5.5%)

0.995

 AML with mutated TP53

20 (3.8%)

7 (4.4%)

0.748

49 (16.8%)

11 (4.6%)

<0.001

 AML with myelodysplasia- related gene mutations

0 (0%)

104 (65.0%)

<0.001

0 (0%)

169 (71.3%)

<0.001

 AML with myelodysplasia-related cytogenetic abnormalities

28 (5.3%)

0 (0%)

0.003

30 (10.3%)

0 (0%)

<0.001

 AML not otherwise specified (NOS)

106 (20.2%)

0 (0%)

<0.001

54 (18.6%)

0 (0%)

<0.001

Cytogenetic-riska,c

  

0.243

  

<0.001

 Favorable

98 (18.8%)

21 (13.5%)

 

21 (7.4%)

2 (0.9%)

 

 Intermediate

358 (68.7%)

111 (71.2%)

 

179 (63.0%)

190 (81.9%)

 

 Unfavorable

65 (12.5%)

24 (15.4%)

 

84 (29.6%)

40 (17.2%)

 

2017 ELN risk-stratificationa,f

  

<0.001

  

<0.001

 Favorable

250 (47.6%)

35 (21.9%)

 

105 (36.1%)

29 (12.2%)

 

 Intermediate

168 (32.0%)

28 (17.5%)

 

82 (28.2%)

39 (16.5%)

 

 Unfavorable

107 (20.4%)

97 (60.6%)

 

104 (35.7%)

169 (71.3%)

 

Induction responsesa,d

 CR

415 (83.8%)

106 (72.1%)

0.001

103 (68.2%)

51 (52.0%)

0.010

 PR/Refractory

64 (12.9%)

35 (23.8%)

0.001

33 (21.9%)

40 (40.8%)

0.001

 Induction death

16 (3.2%)

6 (4.1%)

0.619

15 (9.9%)

8 (8.2%)

0.637

HSCT at first CRa

125 (25.3%)

39 (26.5%)

0.755

22 (14.6%)

11 (11.2%)

0.447

Relapsea

176 (42.4%)

35 (33.0%)

0.079

49 (47.6%)

26 (51.0%)

0.691

  1. AML acute myeloid leukemia, CR complete remission, ELN European LeukemiaNet, FAB French-American-British classification, Hb hemoglobin, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, MDS-R myelodysplasia-related, PR partial remission, WBC white blood cell.
  2. aNumber of patients (%).
  3. bMedian (range).
  4. cAccording to the refined Medical Research Council criteria. Cytogenetics data were available for 1193 patients.
  5. dIn the younger population, 495 patients without MDS-R mutations and 147 patients with MDS-R mutations received standard chemotherapy; in the older population, 151 patients without MDS-R mutations and 98 patients with MDS-R mutations received standard chemotherapy.
  6. eThe percentage may not sum to 100 because of rounding.
  7. fSince AML with MDS-R gene mutations belongs to the adverse category in the 2022 ELN risk classification, the comparison of the risk groups based on this classification between AML patients with and without MDS-R is not meaningful, and thus we used the 2017 ELN risk classification.
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