Fig. 1: Study design, MRD by flow cytometry, long-term prognosis, and expansion of CAR-T cells.

a Protocol of the clinical trial. The red diamond icon represents bone marrow puncture. b The graph shows a trend of decreasing MRD in patients after CD22/CD19 CAR-T therapy. Except one patient who experienced relapse, MRD remained at a low level (10-4) in all patients during follow-up. c The graph shows the leukemia status from the start of CAR-T infusion (d0). The blue bar indicates MRD-negative CR. The yellow bar indicates MRD-positive CR. The red bar indicates relapse. Two patients died during follow-up. d The copies of CAR-T cells in the peripheral blood were measured by qRT‒PCR after infusion. All the patients’ CAR-T-cell copies were still detectable in the peripheral blood and could be detected in 6 patients for more than 2 years. e We also detected CAR-T cells after stem cell infusion in 4 patients and found that CAR-T copies were elevated in all patients.