Table 4 Cole’s co-efficient values for co-occurrence between precursor diagnoses.

From: Timing and co-occurrence of symptoms prior to a diagnosis of light chain (AL) amyloidosis

Organ system 1

Precursor diagnosis 1

Organ system 2

Precursor diagnosis 2

Cole’s Co-efficient

p value

Gastrointestinal

Dysphagia

Other

Macroglossia

0.86

0.002

Neurologic

Autonomic neuropathy

Cardiac

Dyspnea

0.76

0.009

Cardiac

Cardiomyopathy

Cardiac

Heart failure

0.74

<0.001

Renal

Nephrotic syndrome

Renal

Renal disease

0.73

<0.001

Renal

Nephritic syndrome

Renal

Renal disease

0.68

<0.001

Neurologic

Neuropathy

Other

Purpura

0.68

<0.001

Renal

Acute kidney injury

Renal

Nephritic syndrome

0.68

<0.001

Cardiac

Cardiomegaly

Cardiac

Dyspnea

0.68

<0.001

Neurologic

Autonomic neuropathy

Other

Fatigue

0.68

0.004

Cardiac

Dyspnea

Cardiac

Heart failure

0.67

<0.001

Other

Fatigue

Other

Purpura

0.65

<0.001

Cardiac

Dyspnea

Multi-organ

Pleural effusion

0.65

<0.001

Renal

Acute kidney injury

Renal

Renal disease

0.65

<0.001

Neurologic

Autonomic neuropathy

Multi-organ

Orthostatic hypotension

0.64

<0.001

Renal

Nephritic syndrome

Renal

Proteinura

0.63

<0.001

Neurologic

Autonomic neuropathy

Multi-organ

Syncope

0.62

<0.001

Cardiac

Cardiomegaly

Cardiac

Heart failure

0.62

<0.001

Multi-organ

Ascites

Multi-organ

Edema

0.61

<0.001

Gastrointestinal

Altered bowels

Gastrointestinal

Nausea/vomiting

0.60

<0.001

Gastrointestinal

Altered bowels

Neurologic

Autonomic neuropathy

0.60

0.006