Table 3 Summary of phase III clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of tandem ASCT compared to single ASCT

Salwender/Cavo et al. [85]. Pooled analysis of 4 RCTs in NDMM

606

Bortezomib-regimen

ASCT × 1 (Not randomized)

Median PFS: 38 mos

5-year OS: 63%

Bortezomib-regimen

ASCT × 2 (Not randomized)

Median PFS: 50 mos

5-year OS: 75%

Stadtmauer et al. [87]. NDMM pts <71 y/o

758

Any induction regimen as per clinician choice up to 12 cycles

Mel200 mg/m² →R-maint

Median PFS: 52 mos

Median OS: 83 mos

Mel200 mg/m² × 2 →R-maint

Median PFS: 57 mos

Median OS: 86 mos

Mel200 mg/m² →VRd →R-maint

Median PFS: 57 mos

Median OS: 82 mos

Cavo et al. [86]. NDMM pts ≤65 y/o

1503

VCd × 3–4 cycles

Mel200 mg/m² × 1 →+/-VRd →R-maint

3-year PFS: 64%

3-year OS: 82%

Mel200 mg/m² × 2 →+/-VRd →R-maint

3-year PFS: 73%

3-year OS: 89%