Table 2 Characteristics of patients with breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection.

From: SARS-CoV-2-reactive antibody waning, booster effect and breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplant and cell therapy recipients at one year after vaccination

Characteristics

SARS-CoV-2 infection Allo-SCT (n = 53)

SARS-CoV-2 infection ASCT (n = 23)

SARS-CoV-2 infection CAR-T (n = 3)

Prior COVID-19, n (%)

0

2 (8.7)

0

Type of 1st and 2nd vaccines, n (%)

• Moderna mRNA-1273

43 (81)

15 (65.3)

3 (100)

• Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2

6 (11.3)

7 (30.4)

0

• Adenoviral vector-based

4 (7.7)

1 (4.3)

0

Type of 3rd vaccines before SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough, n evaluable (%)

• Moderna mRNA-1273

37 (69.8)

14 (60.9)

2 (66.7)

• Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2

4 (7.5)

8 (34.8)

0

• Adenoviral vector-based

0

0

0

Likely SARS-CoV-2 variants≠, n (%)

• Alpha or Beta

6 (11.3)

3 (13)

0

• Delta

8 (15)

7 (30.4)

0

• Omicron

39 (74)

13 (56.6)

3 (100)

Age (years), median (range)

• 16–40 years, n (%)

15 (28.3)

2 (8.7)

0

• 41–60 years, n/ (%)

27 (50.9)

11 (47.8)

3 (100)

• 61–70 years, n (/%)

10 (18.9)

6 (26)

0

• >71 years, n (%)

1 (1.9)

4 (17.5)

0

Male, n (%)/n (%)

33 (62.3)

14 (60.9)

2 (66.7)

Baseline disease, n (%)

• AML

21 (39.7)

1 (4.3)

 

• ALL

5 (9.5)

  

• MDS

7 (13.3)

  

• B cell NHL

4 (7.6)

1 (4.3)

1 (33.3)

• T cell NHL

3 (5.8)

1 (4.3)

 

• Plasma cell disorders

2 (3.9)

15 (65.3)

1 (33.3)

• CLL

0

 

1 (33.3)

• HD

5 (9.5)

5 (21.8)

 

• cMPN

2 (3.9)

  

• Aplastic anemia

4 (7.7)

  

Immunosuppressant drugs at vaccination, n (%)

28 (52.8)

16 (69.6)

0

Active GvHD, n (%)

21 (39.6)

  

Corticosteroids at vaccination, n (%)

10 (18.9)

8 (34.8)

0

Lenalidomide, n (%)

1 (1.9)

13 (56.5)

0

Ruxolitinib therapy, n (%)

4 (7.5)

0

0

Timing and characteristics of breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection

SARS-CoV-2 infection after 2 vaccine doses and before booster/s, n (%)

20 (37.7)

10 (43.5)

1 (33.3)

• Median time, days (range)

142 (15–364)

177 (24–362)

65

SARS-CoV-2 infection after 3 vaccine doses and before the 4th dose, n (%)

28 (52.8)

10 (43.5)

2 (66.7)

• Median time, days (range)

114 (13–221)

93 (23–215)

123 (118–129)

SARS-CoV-2 infection after 4 vaccine doses, n (%)

5 (9.4)

3 (13)

0

• Median time, days (range)

15 (3-27)

21 (5-31)

 

Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, n /n evaluable (%)

29 (54.7)

9 (39)

2 (66.7)

Pneumonia, n /n evaluable (%)

5 (9.4)

3 (13)

1 (33.3)

Hospital admission, n /n evaluable (%)

5 (9.4)

2 (1.7)

1 (33.3)

Oxygen requirement, n /n evaluable (%)

4 (7.5)

0

1 (33.3)

ICU admission, n /n evaluable (%)

1 (1.9)

0

0

COVID-related Death, n /n evaluable (%)

0

0

0

All-cause mortality at median follow-up, n /n evaluable (%)

2 (3.8)

0

0

  1. AML acute myeloid leukemia, ALL acute lymphoblastic leukemia, MDS myelodysplastic syndrome, B-cell NHL B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, T cell NHL T cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, CLL chronic lymphocytic leukemia, HD Hodgkin disease, MPN chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm, Allo-HSCT allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, ASCT autologous stem cell transplantation, CAR-T T-cell chimeric antigen receptor, moAb monoclonal antibody, BTK inhibitor Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor, TKIs tyrosine kinase inhibitors, ICU intensive care unit.
  2. ≠According to the Spanish epidemiological data regarding the predominance of each SARS-CoV-2 variant during the time of the study period, we considered Alpha or Beta VOC the episodes of SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosed between April 1st 2021 and July 26th 2021, Delta VOC between July 27 2021 and Omicron between December 27 2021 to July 31 2022.
Back to article page