Fig. 2

mTORC1 is activated in subchondral bone preosteoblasts in OA patients and destabilized OA mice. a Western blot analysis of p-S6 expression in tibia subchondral bone tissues from patients and OA mice. b, d, e) Representative immunostaining and quantitative analysis of p-S6⁺ cells in tibial subchondral bone of OA patients and OA mice. Scale bars, 200 μm. c, f, g Representative immunostaining and quantitative analysis of p-S6 in Osterix⁺ preosteoblasts in tibial subchondral bone of OA patients and OA mice. Boxed area is magnified on the top left corner. Scale bars, 100 μm. SBP, subchondral bone plate; BM, bone marrow; AC, articular cartilage; SCB, subchondral bone; GP, growth plate. Data are shown as mean±s.d. and analyze by Student’s t test or one-way ANOVA . n ≥8, **P < 0.01