Fig. 5

Ultra-processed food (UPF) macronutrients (fats and sugar) are not responsible for alterations in bone architecture and biomechanical properties. The control and UPF groups were compared to a group receiving a high-fat diet based on the addition of corn oil (Corn) and a group fed a high-sucrose diet including a control diet + drinking solution with 10% sucrose (sucrose). a–h Femur µCT analyses. a–d Trabecular parameters: bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb. N), trabecular thickness (Tb. Th), and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp). e–h Cortical bone parameters: cortical area fraction (Ct.Ar/Tt. Ar), average cortical thickness (Ct. Th), medullary area (Ma. Ar) and bone mineral density (BMD). i Growth plates (GPs) from the control, UPF + CSD, corn and sucrose groups were stained with safranin-O. j Quantification of the relative ratio of the zones in the GP. k Representative 3D images of transverse sections of femoral trabecular and cortical areas visualized by Amira software. Values are expressed as the mean ± SD, n = 8. Different letters denote significant differences at P < 0.05 between groups