Fig. 2
From: Progression in translational research on spinal cord injury based on microenvironment imbalance
Scar formation after SCI. This figure shows glial scar and fibrotic scar changes in the acute, subacute, and chronic phases. In the acute phase of SCI, astrocytes are polarized toward the A1 and A2 phenotypes, and pericytes derived from blood vessels migrate into the injury epicenter. In the subacute phase of SCI, a scar is formed by astrocytes derived from native astrocytes, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs). In this stage, fibroblast-derived pericytes seal the scar. In the chronic phase of SCI, the scar is stable, limits inflammation and suppresses the regeneration of axons
