Fig. 3
From: Progression in translational research on spinal cord injury based on microenvironment imbalance
Microglial and macrophage activation after SCI. This figure shows the changes in microglia and macrophages after SCI. In the acute phase of SCI, microglia are activated by cytokines and factors released from injured neural cells. Macrophages from blood vessels infiltrate injured tissue. In the subacute phase of SCI, M1 microglia and macrophages dominate and exacerbate inflammation by releasing inflammatory factors. Activated microglia and macrophages swallow injured or dead neural cells and myelin. In the chronic phase of SCI, microglia are mainly M2 microglia, which promote regeneration
