Fig. 3

Compounds with anti-inflammatory activity, rapamycin and ebselen, prevent HO and bone loss. a IF staining images and statistical analysis of mTOR expression in injured WT and NSE-BMP4 mouse muscle at 1 or 7 dpi. Scale bar, 200 μm. Data are presented as the mean ± s.d. of biological replicates. ^***P < 0.001, N. S. indicates no significance (unpaired two-tailed t test). b IF staining images and statistical analysis of COX2 expression in the injured WT and NSE-BMP4 mouse muscle at 1 or 7 dpi. Scale bar, 200 μm. Data are presented as the mean ± s.d. of biological replicates. ^**P < 0.01, N. S. indicates no significance (unpaired two-tailed t test). c Representative microCT images of uninjured or injured hindlimbs and a selected transverse section of tibia from the NSE-BMP4 mice with or without drug treatment for two weeks (e.g., rapamycin or ebselen). Arrows indicate bone loss. Asterisks indicate HO. Statistical analysis of the HO volume (d) and BMD (e) in the uninjured or injured NSE-BMP4 mice following drug treatment (n = 3 from two independent experiments). Data are presented as the mean ± s.d. of biological replicates. ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001, N. S. indicates no significance (unpaired two-tailed t test). f Statistical analysis of the numbers of total WBCs in the NSE-BMP4 and WT mice with or without injury following anti-inflammatory drug treatment. Data are presented as the mean ± s.d. of biological replicates. ^*P < 0.05 (unpaired two-tailed t test)