Fig. 1 | Bone Research

Fig. 1

From: Upregulation of β-catenin signaling represents a single common pathway leading to the various phenotypes of spinal degeneration and pain

Fig. 1The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

Upregulation of β-catenin protein levels in patients with disc degeneration and facet joint osteoarthritis. a, b Representative immunohistochemistry (IHC) images (a) showing the expression of β-catenin+ cells (b) in endplate cartilage in the high-VAS and low-VAS groups (scale bar 50 μm). (High-VAS group: n = 17, Low-VAS group: n = 18). c, d Representative IHC images (c) showing the expression of β-catenin+ cells (d) in facet joint cartilage in the high-VAS and low-VAS groups (scale bar, 100 μm). (High-VAS group: n = 6, Low-VAS group: n = 5). e Correlation analysis between the number of β-catenin+ cells in endplate cartilage and VAS scores in individuals with disc degeneration. (n = 35). f Correlation analysis between the number of β-catenin+ cells in facet joint cartilage and VAS scores in individuals with disc degeneration. (n = 11). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. Data are represented as the mean ± SD. Two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test analysis (b and d) and Spearman’s correlation analysis (e, f)

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