Fig. 2
From: Promising applications of D-amino acids in periprosthetic joint infection
S. aureus and aerobic gram-negative bacilli together contribute to ~60% of early-onset (<3 months) infections.34 Polymicrobial infections are also higher at this time. Typically, delayed-onset PJI (3 months to 12–24 months postsurgery) occurs at the time of surgery and due to inoculation with less virulent microorganisms. At this stage, coagulase-negative staphylococci and enterococci are more common. Late-onset PJI (>12 to 24 months postsurgery) occurs mostly following hematogenous seeding from a primary infection located elsewhere in the body; S. aureus predominates in this situation. Late-onset PJI is less common and is often due to inoculation with relatively avirulent microorganisms peri-surgically
