Fig. 3
From: Modulation of bone remodeling by the gut microbiota: a new therapy for osteoporosis
The role of gut microbiota in estrogen regulation of bone metabolism. Estrogen has an irreplaceable role in osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. Some “sterolbiome”, which could modify these cholesterol-derived molecules, regulates bone remodeling by interaction with estrogen. BMSCs Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, ER Estrogen receptor, OB Osteoblasts, OC Osteoclasts, OPG Osteoprotegerin, pre-OC Osteoclast precursor cells, RANK Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B, RANKL Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand, TNF-α Tumor necrosis factor-α. Created with BioRender.com
