Fig. 4
From: Modulation of bone remodeling by the gut microbiota: a new therapy for osteoporosis
The role of gut microbiota in PTH regulation of bone metabolism. PTH plays a vital role in postnatal skeletal development. SFB enhances the inflammatory responses by interacting with cPTH in the gut and BM, leading to bone loss. However, the GM metabolite butyrate is essential for iPTH to stimulate bone formation. BM: Bone marrow, BMSCs Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, cPTH Continuous parathyroid hormone, iPTH Intermittent parathyroid hormone, GPR G-protein-coupled receptor, IL Interleukin, OB Osteoblasts, OC Osteoclasts, PTH Parathyroid hormone, RANK Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B, RANKL Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand, SFB Segmented filamentous bacteria, Th17 cells T helper cells 17, TNF-α Tumor necrosis factor-α, Treg cells T Regulatory cells. Created with BioRender.com
