Table 1 Summary of the application of relevant aptamers in orthopedic diseases
From: Nucleic acid aptamers in orthopedic diseases: promising therapeutic agents for bone disorders
Aptamer | Material/Drug | Molecular target | Function | Diseases/Therapeutic effect | Research progress | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3WJ-BMSCapt/M2-Exos a3wj-Cholesterol b3wj-BMSCaptamer c3wj-Alexa 647 | Drug | BMSC | Modification of M2-Exos enhances their targeting to BMSCs | In vitro, targeting BMSCs more effectively enhances their proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiationIn vivo, it stimulates callus formation, increases bone volume/total volume (BV/TV), bone mineral density (BMD), and trabecular number (Tb. N), reduces trabecular separation (Tb. Sp), promotes new bone formation, and elevates the expression of osteogenic markers ALP and OCN | Under development | |
Apt Apt01 Apt02 | Material | VEGF receptor | They exhibit high affinity for VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 | Simulating the function of VEGF-A, it has the potential to activate VEGR receptors and promote angiogenesis | Under development | |
Aptamer-agomiR-195 | Drug | Endothelial cell | It specifically targets endothelial cells and increases miR-195 levels in cells | Increasing the number of CD31hiEmcnhi vessels in aged murines stimulates bone formation and improves bone strength | Under development | |
aptamer-antagomiR-188 | Drug | BMSC | It regulates the expression of miR-188 in BMSCs | Reduce miR-188 levels in BMSCs to increase trabecular volume, quantity, and cortical bone thickness; decrease trabecular separation and intimal circumference; enhance bone strength; elevate the bone formation rate; reduce the number and area of adipocytes in the bone marrow; and increase the number and surface area of osteoblasts on the trabecular and intimal bone surfaces, thereby preventing bone loss and fat accumulation in the bone marrow of elderly murines | Under development | |
OS-7.9 | Material | MG-63 | It shows high affinity and specific binding to MG-63 cells, as well as recognition of lung and colon colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines | It enables early diagnosis and targeted treatment of osteosarcoma and metastatic disease | Under development | |
SL1067 | Material | IL-1α | It demonstrates high affinity and specific recognition of IL-1α | Inhibit the IL-1α signaling pathway to treat related inflammatory reactions and diseases | Under development | |
VR11 | Material | TNFα | It exhibits high affinity binding and specific recognition of TNFα, inhibiting its receptor binding and blocking TNFα-induced cytotoxicity and NO production | Treat inflammatory diseases and avoid immune reactions | Under development | |
8A-35 | Drug | IL-8 | It shows high affinity binding to IL-8, inhibiting IL-8 receptor binding, regulating the IL-8-induced intracellular signaling pathway, and inhibiting neutrophil migration | Potential anti-cancer effects in treating inflammatory diseases | Under development | |
Apc001PE aptscl56 | Drug | The loop3 region of sclerostin | It inhibits the antagonistic effect of sclerostin on Wnt signaling pathway and osteogenic potential | It promotes bone formation without increasing cardiovascular risk | Under development |
