Fig. 3

Materials designed for imaging-based diagnosis of OA. a CT images of an enzymatically degraded osteochondral sample using IOX, BiNP, and dual contrast agent at different time points. Reproduced with permission.38 Copyright 2017, Springer Nature. b Schematic illustration of COL2A1-targeted SPIONs for the enhanced MRI of articular cartilage. Reproduced under terms of the CC-BY license.47 Copyright 2023, The Authors, published by OXFORD UNIV PRESS. c (i) Schematic illustration of the prepared GdPDW NPs. (ii) T1-MR images of OA knee following intra-articular injection of the NPs. Reproduced with permission.49 Copyright 2019, Elsevier. d Schematic illustration of the synthesis of Au@PDA-WL NPs and their application in PAI. Reproduced with permission.52 Copyright 2024, Royal Society of Chemistry