Fig. 3

Ribosome synthesis contributes to peripheral OCP-development. a Heatmap showing that starting from pre-branch (middle), the top upregulated genes for fate 2 characterized by state-1 to state-3 (Namely, cell fate 1-3) were obtained compared to fate 1 (cell fate 1-2). b Heatmap showing that starting from pre-branch (middle), the top genes for fate 1 (cell fate 3-4) were obtained compared to fate 2 (cell fate 3-5). Red indicates the upregulated expression, while blue indicates the downregulated expression in (a, b). Functional enrichment of top genes for cell fate 1-3 (c) and cell fate 3-4 (d). The top 15 GO terms are shown. The pivotal terms are marked in red box. e Western-blotting analysis of RPLP1, RPL13, RPS12/28 for CD14⁺CD16⁻ monocytes at the 2^nd, 4^th, 8^th and 16^th hours of osteoclastic induction. f Representative TEM images of ribosomes for CD14⁺CD16⁻ monocytes at the 2^nd, 4^th, 8^th, and 16^th hours of osteoclastic induction. The small black particles in the cytoplasm are ribosomes. Scale bar: 2 μm or 500 nm. Results are from three independent assays with unanimous trends. g Absorbance assays (260 nm) of total ribosome levels from cellular extracts. h, j Osteoclastogenic ability for RPLP1, RPL13 or RPS12/28-silenced CD14⁺CD16⁻ monocytes. Scale bar: 100 µm. i Representative TEM images of ribosomes for RPLP1, RPL13 or RPS12/28-silenced CD14⁺CD16⁻ monocytes at the 8^th hours of osteoclastic induction. The small black particles in the cytoplasm are ribosomes. Scale bar: 2 μm or 500 nm. Results are from three independent assays with unanimous trends. k Absorbance assays (260 nm) of total ribosome extracts from RPLP1, RPL13 or RPS12/28-silenced CD14⁺CD16⁻ monocytes at the 8^th hours of osteoclastic induction. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.000 1 and ns (not significant) by one-way ANOVA (g–i). **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.000 1 by Student’s t tests (l, m)