Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the osteoporosis and control groups
From: Osteoporosis and risk of dementia among older adults: a population‑based cohort study
Characteristics | Full cohort analysis | Matched cohort analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Osteoporosis group (n = 9 605) | Control group (n = 166 545) | SMD | Osteoporosis group (n = 9 530) | Matched control group (n = 43 913) | SMD | |
Age at baseline, years | 72.8 ± 6.5 | 70.5 ± 5.3 | 0.381 | 72.7 ± 6.5 | 72.3 ± 6.1 | 0.072 |
Sex | ||||||
Men | 2 638 (27.5) | 76 129 (45.7) | 0.386 | 2 634 (27.6) | 12 429 (28.3) | 0.015 |
Women | 6 967 (72.5) | 90 416 (54.3) | 6 896 (72.4) | 31 484 (71.7) | ||
Educational level | ||||||
Junior high school or below | 4 986 (51.9) | 105 930 (63.6) | 0.238 | 4 962 (52.1) | 23 548 (53.6) | 0.031 |
Senior high school or above | 4 619 (48.1) | 60 615 (36.4) | 4 568 (47.9) | 20 365 (46.4) | ||
Marital status | 0.096 | 0.024 | ||||
With a spouse | 9 010 (93.8) | 159 766 (95.9) | 8 948 (93.9) | 41 475 (94.4) | ||
Without a spouse | 595 (6.2) | 6 779 (4.1) | 582 (6.1) | 2 438 (5.6) | ||
Shenzhen household registration | 0.616 | 0.066 | ||||
Yes | 5 919 (61.6) | 53 671 (32.2) | 5 846 (61.3) | 25 519 (58.1) | ||
No | 3 686 (38.4) | 112 874 (67.8) | 3 684 (38.7) | 18 394 (41.9) | ||
Smoking status | 0.261 | 0.008 | ||||
Nonsmoker | 8 343 (86.9) | 130 378 (78.3) | 8 270 (86.8) | 38 042 (86.6) | ||
Former smoker | 879 (9.2) | 19 475 (11.7) | 877 (9.2) | 4 038 (9.2) | ||
Current smoker | 383 (4.0) | 16 692 (10.0) | 383 (4.0) | 1 833 (4.2) | ||
Exercise frequency | 0.005 | 0.011 | ||||
<1 time a week | 2 111 (22.0) | 36 920 (22.2) | 2 085 (21.9) | 9 407 (21.4) | ||
≥1 time a week | 7 494 (78.0) | 129 625 (77.8) | 7 445 (78.1) | 34 506 (78.6) | ||
BMI category, kg/m2 | 0.035 | 0.010 | ||||
<24.0 | 4 996 (52.0) | 87 108 (52.3) | 4 947 (51.9) | 22 935 (52.2) | ||
24.0–27.9 | 3 577 (37.2) | 63 296 (38.0) | 3 556 (37.3) | 16 376 (37.3) | ||
≥28.0 | 1 032 (10.7) | 16 141 (9.7) | 1 027 (10.8) | 4 602 (10.5) | ||
SBP, mmHg | 132.9 ± 16.5 | 133.8 ± 17.4 | 0.057 | 132.9 ± 16.5 | 132.9 ± 16.6 | <0.001 |
DBP, mmHg | 75.5 ± 9.6 | 77.6 ± 10.1 | 0.217 | 75.5 ± 9.6 | 76.0 ± 9.6 | 0.047 |
Disease history | ||||||
Hypertension | 6 318 (65.8) | 80 431 (48.3) | 0.359 | 6 243 (65.5) | 27 588 (62.8) | 0.056 |
Diabetes | 3 317 (34.5) | 37 999 (22.8) | 0.261 | 3 267 (34.3) | 14 018 (31.9) | 0.050 |
Dyslipidemia | 6 066 (63.2) | 70 674 (42.4) | 0.424 | 5 998 (62.9) | 26 457 (60.2) | 0.055 |
Stroke | 1 807 (18.8) | 13 843 (8.3) | 0.310 | 1 746 (18.3) | 6 746 (15.4) | 0.079 |
Cancer | 1 017 (10.6) | 10 628 (6.4) | 0.151 | 991 (10.4) | 4 051 (9.2) | 0.039 |
Chronic kidney disease | 1 393 (14.5) | 15 603 (9.4) | 0.159 | 1 366 (14.3) | 5 714 (13.0) | 0.038 |
Depression | 225 (2.3) | 1 031 (0.6) | 0.143 | 198 (2.1) | 649 (1.5) | 0.045 |
