Fig. 1 | Bone Research

Fig. 1

From: Akkermansia muciniphila attenuates intervertebral disc degeneration via extracellular vesicle-mediated delivery of the effector protein B2UKX5

Fig. 1The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

MR and cohort validation support an inverse association between intestinal Akk abundance and IVDD. a Schematic representation of the MR analysis workflow, including data sources, SNP selection criteria, and analysis pipeline. b Forest plot showing the effects of instrumental variables (IVs) on IVDD risk, with effect sizes and confidence intervals. c Scatter plot comparing MR results from multiple methods. d Schematic representation of the clinical sample collection protocol for human subjects. e Correlation analysis between age, IVDD Pfirrmann grade, and Akk relative abundance in human feces, with Pearson correlation coefficients indicated. n = 62. f qRT-PCR analysis of fecal Akk abundance in 6- and 21-month-old mice. n = 6 per group. Data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical analysis was determined by Pearson correlation (e) or an unpaired Student’s t-test (f). OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval

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