Table 3 Appendix 1 Diagnostic criteria for the most two common pain-related TMDs (ICOP classification)

Muscle-related pain

Primary myofascial orofacial pain

Pain in masticatory muscles, with or without functional impairment, not attributable to another disorder.

A. Myofascial pain fulfilling criteria B-D

B. Occurring in one or more episodes,* or unremitting

C. Reported in the jaw, temple, ear and/or in front of ear, with both of the following:

1. confirmation on examination of location(s) in the temporalis and/or masseter muscle(s)

2. provoked by either or both of:

a. palpation of the temporalis and/or masseter muscle(s)

b. maximum unassisted or assisted jaw opening movement(s)

D. Modified** by jaw movement, function or parafunction (eg tooth-grinding or clenching)

E. Not better accounted for by another ICOP diagnosis.

TMJ-related pain

Primary temporomandibular joint pain

Pain localised to the TMJ, occurring at rest or during jaw movement or palpation, with no known causative disorder. The diagnosis corresponds fully to the DC/TMD diagnosis temporomandibular joint pain.

A. Pain in and/or in front of the ear(s), fulfilling criteria B-D

B. Occurring in one or more episodes,* or unremitting

C. Both of the following:

1. confirmation on examination of location in the area(s) of one or both temporomandibular joint(s)

2. provoked by either or both of:

a. palpation of and/or around the lateral pole(s) of the mandibular condyle(s)

b. maximum unassisted or assisted jaw opening, right or left lateral and/or protrusive movement(s)

D. Modified** by jaw movement, function or parafunction (eg tooth-grinding or clenching)

E. Not better accounted for by another ICOP diagnosis.