Fig. 5

Mesenchymal S100 proteins mediate IL-11/STAT3-driven invasion in zebrafish embryos. a IL-11 stimulates invasion of PDAC cells in STAT3-dependent manner. Epithelial PDAC cells were treated with the control siRNA, or siRNA targeting S100A4, S100A6, or STAT3, cultured in the presence or absence of IL-11 for 48 h, and analysed in zebrafish invasion assay. Expression of STAT3 and S100 proteins was analysed by immunoblotting. b BxPC-3 and SU.86.86 cells were treated with IL-11 alone or in combination with stattic, and their invasiveness was assessed in zebrafish embryos. c Mesenchymal MIA PaCa-2 cells were treated with stattic, or mock-treated, and invasion analysed in zebrafish embryos. a–c Results are mean ± StDev of biological replicates (n = 3). Cell invasion was analysed in 10 fish in each experiment. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 (Student’s t-Test)