Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population according to BMI categories

From: Obesity, abdominal obesity and subsequent risk of kidney cancer: a cohort study of 23.3 million East Asians

 

BMI (kg/m2)

<18.5

18.5–23.0

23.0–24.9

25.0–29.9

≥30.0

N

945,859

9,269,581

5,637,175

6,596,150

864,281

 Sexa

  Males

282,053 (29.8)

3,987,644 (43.0)

3,159,100 (56.0)

3,949,283 (59.9)

450,813 (52.2)

  Females

663,806 (70.2)

5,281,937 (57.0)

2,478,075 (44.0)

2,646,867 (40.1)

413,468 (47.8)

  Age (years)b

41.3 ± 17.2

45.8 ± 14.7

49.5 ± 13.7

49.9 ± 13.5

46.9 ± 14

  Height (cm)b

162.3 ± 8.1

162.9 ± 8.8

163.6 ± 9.3

164 ± 9.7

163.6 ± 10.3

  Weight (kg)b

46.4 ± 5.2

56.3 ± 7.0

64.4 ± 7.5

72.3 ± 9.1

86.0 ± 11.8

  BMI (kg/m2)b

17.6 ± 0.8

21.1 ± 1.2

24.0 ± 0.6

26.8 ± 1.3

32.0 ± 2.0

  WC (cm)b

66.1 ± 5.7

74.1 ± 6.3

81.2 ± 5.7

87.3 ± 6.2

96.9 ± 7.6

  Systolic BP (mmHg)b

113.3 ± 14.2

118.3 ± 14.6

123.3 ± 14.5

126.9 ± 14.6

131.3 ± 15.1

  Diastolic BP (mmHg)b

71.0 ± 9.4

73.7 ± 9.7

76.6 ± 9.7

78.9 ± 9.9

81.9 ± 10.3

  Total cholesterol (mg/dL)b

178.0 ± 32.4

188.7 ± 35.2

197.5 ± 36.8

201.8 ± 37.7

204.8 ± 38.7

  Triglycerides (mg/dL)c

72 (54–98)

88 (63–128)

114 (80–167)

136 (94–198)

151 (106–219)

  HDL-C (mg/dL)b

63.1 ± 17.9

58.7 ± 19

54.4 ± 19.6

52.1 ± 20.0

50.8 ± 19.5

  LDL-C (mg/dL)b

99.4 ± 42.7

109.8 ± 43.5

116.9 ± 43.1

118.8 ± 43.4

119.8 ± 43.8

  Fasting glucose (mg/dL)b

90.9 ± 19.2

94.2 ± 20.8

98.4 ± 23.5

101.5 ± 25.5

105.6 ± 29.5

  Creatinine (mg/dL)c

0.8 (0.7–0.9)

0.9 (0.7–1.0)

0.9 (0.8–1.0)

0.9 (0.8–1.1)

0.9 (0.8–1.1)

  eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)b

94.7 ± 40.7

90.9 ± 39.1

87.9 ± 39.7

87.0 ± 40.0

88.5 ± 40.7

  Hypertensiona

93,924 (9.9)

1,544,189 (16.7)

1,560,872 (27.7)

2,509,365 (38.0)

437,820 (50.7)

  Diabetes mellitusa

35,240 (3.7)

551,472 (6.0)

547,677 (9.7)

875,261 (13.3)

160,996 (18.6)

  Dyslipidemiaa

57,793 (6.1)

1,186,402 (12.8)

1,188,111 (21.1)

1,786,142 (27.1)

278,827 (32.3)

  Chronic kidney diseasea

44,462 (4.7)

477,342 (5.2)

354,012 (6.3)

464,494 (7.1)

61,885 (7.2)

  Current smokera

199,772 (21.1)

2,140,672 (23.1)

1,407,372 (25.0)

1,743,340 (26.4)

239,614 (27.7)

  Heavy alcohol drinkera

34,306 (3.6)

481,433 (5.2)

390,981 (6.9)

560,407 (8.5)

76,838 (8.9)

  Regular exercisera

369,554 (39.1)

4,456,487 (48.1)

2,910,901 (51.6)

3,393,477 (51.5)

424,359 (49.1)

  Income (the lowest quartile)a

288,290 (30.5)

2,592,628 (28.1)

1,441,347 (25.6)

1,659,489 (25.2)

246,089 (28.5)

  1. BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, BP blood pressure, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate
  2. aValues are presented as number (percentage)
  3. bValues are presented as mean ± standard deviation
  4. cValues are presented as median (interquartile range) using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test
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