Fig. 2

TPPP promotes the proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis of pancreatic cancer cells. a, b The TPPP expression in TPPP-overexpressing PANC-1 cells and BxPC-3 cells was measured by quantitative RT-PCR and western blot. c, d CCK-8 assays and wound-formation assays were performed to analyse proliferation in the PANC-1-TPPP and BxPC-3-TPPP cells and in their corresponding control cells. e Cell migration and invasion assays were performed. PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells transfected with TPPP-overexpressing lentiviruses and control lentiviruses. The membranes in the chambers were stained with 0.1% crystal violet. Scale bar, 100 μm. f Wound-healing assays were performed. PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells were transfected with TPPP-overexpressing lentiviruses and control lentiviruses for 0 and 48 h. Magnification, ×200; scale bar, 100 μm. g HUVEC tube-formation assays were performed. Representative images of capillary-like structures stimulated by conditioned medium are shown. (*represents p < 0.05, **represents p < 0.01, *** represents p < 0.001, compared with the control group)