Table 1 Odds ratios (ORs)^a and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of glycaemic index and glycaemic load on cancers of head and neck, oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx.

	Head and neck cancer (No. cases = 3967, No. controls = 7250^b)	Oral cavity cancer (No. cases = 780, No. controls = 7250^b)	Oropharyngeal cancer (No. cases = 1151, No. controls = 7250^b)	Hypopharyngeal cancer (No. cases = 328, No. controls = 6866^b)	Laryngeal cancer (No. cases = 11,299, No. controls = 6443^b)
	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)
Glycaemic index
I Quartile	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
II Quartile	1.04 (0.91, 1.18)	0.92 (0.70, 1.20)	0.93 (0.77, 1.13)	0.87 (0.61, 1.23)	1.33 (1.08, 1.65)
III Quartile	1.02 (0.90, 1.17)	1.08 (0.66, 1.75)	0.90 (0.74, 1.09)	0.95 (0.68, 1.35)	1.28 (1.04, 1.59)
IV Quartile	1.16 (1.02, 1.31)	1.21 (0.81, 1.81)	0.93 (0.76, 1.12)	0.84 (0.59, 1.20)	1.60 (1.30, 1.96)
P_{for linear trend}	0.037	0.63	0.40	0.46	<0.001
P_{heterogeneity}^c,d	0.35	0.03	0.41	0.22	0.66
Glycaemic load
I Quartile	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
II Quartile	0.94 (0.82, 1.07)	0.88 (0.70, 1.12)	0.91 (0.75, 1.11)	0.78 (0.54, 1.13)	0.95 (0.76, 1.18)
III Quartile	0.89 (0.78, 1.02)	0.86 (0.68, 1.10)	0.75 (0.61, 0.92)	0.74 (0.51, 1.09)	1.03 (0.83, 1.28)
IV Quartile	0.91 (0.79, 1.05)	0.89 (0.69, 1.15)	0.78 (0.63, 0.97)	0.84 (0.57, 1.22)	1.03 (0.82, 1.28)
P_{for linear trend}	0.15	0.37	0.009	0.41	0.63
P_{heterogeneity}^c,d	0.52	0.30	0.97	0.24	0.68

International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium
^aModels adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, study center, education level, center-specific control-based quartiles of energy intake (without alcohol for glycaemic index; without alcohol and carbohydrate for glycaemic load), cigarette smoking intensity (number of cigarettes per day), cigarette smoking duration, cigar smoking status, pipe smoking status, alcohol drinking intensity (number of drinks per day) and the product (interaction) term for cigarette smoking intensity and alcohol drinking intensity
^bThe number of controls differed across subsites because a few studies considered cancers of the oral cavity, oropharynx and hypopharynx only; therefore, they contributed to the analysis with fewer controls than those studies with all cancer subsites included (see Supplementary Table 4)
^cP-value for heterogeneity between study centers
^dBased on the likelihood ratio test of heterogeneity between study centers, we reported the fixed-effects estimates when P_{heterogeneity} > 0.1 and the mixed-effects estimates when P_studies < 0.1

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