Fig. 1: Longitudinal trend indices used for transforming serial data.
From: Improved early detection of ovarian cancer using longitudinal multimarker models

For every ith patient, ki is the total number of serial measurements, yi,j is the jth serial measurement and ti,j and ti,ki represent, respectively, ages at which the current and the most recent measurements were taken. A simple cut-off for the final measurement of each candidate marker was used as Index 5{5}.